30 January

1615     Thomas Rolfe (born), American son of Pocahontas (died 1675)

1649     King Charles I of England is beheaded.

1649     Charles I of England (died)  (born 1600)

1661     Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed two years after his death, on the anniversary of the execution of the monarch he himself deposed.

1697     Johann Joachim Quantz (born), German flute player and composer (died 1773)

1703     The Forty-seven Ronin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master.

1720     Charles De Geer (born), Swedish entomologist (died 1778)

1790     The first boat specializing as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.

1806     The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans theDelaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.

1820     Edward Bransfield sights the Trinity Peninsula and claims the discovery of Antarctica.

1822     Franz Ritter von Hauer (born), Austrian geologist (died 1899)

1826     The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world’s first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Wales, is opened.

1835     In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen.

1836     Betsy Ross (died)  , American seamstress, designed the American Flag (born 1752)

1847     Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.

1858     The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of The Hallé orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra.

1858     Coenraad Jacob Temminck (died)  , Dutch zoologist (born 1778)

1862     The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.

1882     Franklin D. Roosevelt (born), American politician, 32nd President of the United States (died 1945)

1908     Mahatma Gandhi is released from prison by Jan C. Smuts after been tried and sentenced to 2 months in jail earlier in the month. On the same day 40 years later in 1948 Gandhiji is assassinated.

1911     The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of James McCurdy 10 miles from Havana, Cuba.

1911     The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.

1912     Barbara W. Tuchman (born), American historian and author (died 1989)

1913     The British House of Lords rejects the Irish Home Rule Bill.

1917     Paul Frère (born), Belgian race car driver and journalist (died 2008)

1922     Dick Martin (born), American comedian, actor, and director (died 2008)

1925     Douglas Engelbart (born), American computer scientist, invented the computer mouse (died 2013)

1925     Dorothy Malone (born), American actress

1926     Barbara La Marr (died)  , American actress (born 1896)

1930     Gene Hackman (born), American actor and author

1933     Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.

1934     Frank Nelson Doubleday (died)  , American publisher, founded the Doubleday Publishing Company (born 1862)

1936     Patrick Caulfield (born), English painter (died 2005)

1937     Vanessa Redgrave (born), English actress

1937     Boris Spassky (born), Russian chess player

1941     Dick Cheney (born), American politician, 46th Vice President of the United States

1942     World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies.

1942     Marty Balin (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, and KBC Band)

1943     World War II: Second day of the Battle of Rennell Island. The USS Chicago is sunk and a U.S. destroyer is heavily damaged by Japanesetorpedoes.

1944     World War II: The Battle of Cisterna, part of Operation Shingle, begins in central Italy.

1944     World War II: American troops land on Majuro.

1945     World War II: The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, leading to the deadliest known maritime disaster, killing approximately 9,400 people.

1947     Steve Marriott (born), English singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (Humble Pie and The Small Faces) (died 1991)

1948     Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, known for his non-violent freedom struggle, is assassinated by Pandit Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.

1948     Orville Wright (died)  , American aviation pioneer (born 1871)

1951     Phil Collins (born), English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (Genesis, Brand X, and Flaming Youth)

1951     Ferdinand Porsche (died)  , Austrian-German engineer and businessman, founded Porsche (born 1875)

1956     American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.’s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

1962     Manuel de Abreu (died)  , Brazilian physician (born 1894)

1964     Ranger program: Ranger 6 is launched.

1964     In a bloodless coup, General Nguyen Khanh overthrows General Duong Van Minh’s military junta in South Vietnam.

1969     The Beatles’ last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.

1971     Carole King’s Tapestry album is released to become the longest charting album by a female solo artist and sell 24 million copies worldwide.

1972     Bloody Sunday: British Paratroopers kill fourteen unarmed civil rights/anti internment marchers in Northern Ireland.

1974     Christian Bale (born), English actor

1975     The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is established as the first United States National Marine Sanctuary.

1982     Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which is 400 lines long and disguised as an Apple boot program called “Elk Cloner”.

1982     Lightnin’ Hopkins (died)  , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1912)

1989     The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.

1994     Péter Lékó becomes the youngest chess grand master.

1995     Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.

1995     Gerald Durrell (died)  , Indian-English zookeeper, author, and television host (born 1925)

2010     Bernard Arcand (died)  , Canadian anthropologist and author (born 1945)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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