21 August

1165    Philip II of France (born) (died 1223)

1597    Roger Twysden (born), English historian and politician (died 1672)

1627    Jacques Mauduit (died), French composer (born 1557)

1660   Hubert Gautier (born), French engineer (died 1737)

1665    Giacomo F. Maraldi (born), French-Italian astronomer and mathematician (died 1729)

1680   Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt.

1689   The Battle of Dunkeld in Scotland.

1725    Jean-Baptiste Greuze (born), French painter (died 1805)

1754    William Murdoch (born), Scottish engineer and inventor, created gas lighting (died 1839)

1762    Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (died), English author (born 1689)

1770    James Cook formally claims eastern Australia for Great Britain, naming it New South Wales.

1789    Augustin-Louis Cauchy (born), French mathematician (died 1857)

1798    Jules Michelet (born), French historian (died 1874)

1816    Charles Frédéric Gerhardt (born), French chemist (died 1856)

1821    Jarvis Island is discovered by the crew of the ship, Eliza Frances.

1831    Nat Turner leads black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion.

1838   Adelbert von Chamisso (died), German botanist and poet (born 1781)

1852    Tlingit Indians destroy Fort Selkirk, Yukon Territory.

1863   Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by Confederate guerrillas Quantrill’s Raiders in the Lawrence Massacre.

1872    Aubrey Beardsley (born), English author and illustrator (died 1898)

1879    The Virgin Mary, along with St. Joseph and St. John the Evangelist, reportedly appears at Knock Shrine in Knock, County Mayo, Ireland.

1883   An F5 tornado strikes Rochester, Minnesota, leading to the creation of the Mayo Clinic.

1888   The first successful adding machine in the United States is patented by William Seward Burroughs.

1897    Oldsmobile, a brand of American automobiles was founded.

1904   Count Basie (born), American pianist, composer, and bandleader (Count Basie Orchestra) (died 1984)

1905    Alexander von Oettingen (died), Baltic German theologian and statistician (born 1827)

1911     The Mona Lisa is stolen by a Louvre employee.

1918    World War I: The Second Battle of the Somme begins.

1932    Melvin Van Peebles (born), American actor, director, and screenwriter

1933    Janet Baker (born), English soprano

1933    Michael Dacher (born), German mountaineer (died 1994)

1936    Wilt Chamberlain (born), American basketball player and coach (died 1999)

1937    Robert Stone (born), American author

1938   Kenny Rogers (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (The New Christy Minstrels and The First Edition)

1939    Harold Reid (born), American singer-songwriter (The Statler Brothers)

1939    James Burton (born), American guitarist (TCB Band)

1940   Ernest Thayer (died), American poet (born 1863)

1940   Leon Trotsky (died), Russian politician and theorist (born 1879)

1942    World War II: The flag of Nazi Germany is installed atop the Mount Elbrus, the highest peak of the Caucasus mountain range.

1942    World War II: the Guadalcanal Campaign: American forces defeat an attack by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in the Battle of the Tenaru.

1943    Jonathan Schel (born), American journalist and author (died 2014)

1944    Dumbarton Oaks Conference, prelude to the United Nations, begins.

1945    Physicist Harry K. Daghlian, Jr. is fatally irradiated in a criticality accident during an experiment with the Demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

1947    Carl Giammarese (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The Buckinghams)

1947    Ettore Bugatti (died), Italian-French engineer and businessman, founded Bugatti (born 1881)

1951    Glenn Hughes (born), English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (Finders Keepers, Trapeze, Deep Purple, and Black Country Communion)

1951    Harry Smith (born), American journalist

1952    Joe Strummer (born), English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (The Clash, The Mescaleros, and The Pogues) (died 2002)

1956    Jon Tester (born), American politician

1957    Harald Sverdrup (died), Norwegian meteorologist and oceanographer (born 1888)

1957    Steve Smith (born), American drummer (Journey, Montrose, Steps Ahead, The RD Crusaders, and Vital Information)

1957    The Soviet Union successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile.

1959    United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order proclaiming Hawaii the 50th state of the union. Hawaii’s admission is currently commemorated by Hawaii Admission Day

1960   David B. Steinman (died), American engineer, designed the Mackinac Bridge (born 1886)

1961    Motown releases what would be its first #1 hit, “Please Mr. Postman” by The Marvelettes.

1963    Xá Lợi Pagoda raids: the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces loyal to Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of President Ngo Dinh Diem, vandalizes Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead.

1968   James Anderson, Jr. posthumously receives the first Medal of Honor to be awarded to an African American U.S. Marine.

1973    Sergey Brin (born), Russian-American computer scientist and businessman, co-founded Google

1974    Buford Pusser (died), American police officer (born 1937)

1976    Operation Paul Bunyan at Panmunjom, South Korea.

1978    Charles Eames (died), American architect, co-designed the Eames House (born 1907)

1979    Soviet dancer Alexander Godunov defects to the United States.

1982   Lebanese Civil War: The first troops of a multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the Palestine Liberation Organization’s withdrawal from Lebanon.

1983   Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino, Jr. (born 1932) is assassinated at the Manila International Airport (now renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport).

1986   Carbon dioxide gas erupts from volcanic Lake Nyos in Cameroon, killing up to 1,800 people within a 20-kilometer range.

1986   Usain Bolt (born), Jamaican sprinter

1991    Coup attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev collapses.

1991    Latvia declares renewal of its full independence after the occupation of Soviet Union.

1992    Ruby Ridge Standoff in Idaho

1993    NASA loses contact with the Mars Observer spacecraft.

1997    Yuri Nikulin (died), Russian clown and actor (born 1921)

2005   Marcus Schmuck (died), Austrian mountaineer (born 1925)

2005   Robert Moog (died), American businessman, founded Moog Music (born 1934)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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