27 February

272       Constantine the Great (born), Roman emperor (died 337)

425        The University of Constantinople is founded by Emperor Theodosius II at the urging of his wife Aelia Eudocia.

1560      The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Lords of the Congregation of Scotland.

1594      Henry IV is crowned King of France.

1659      Henry Dunster (died), English-American clergyman and academic (born 1609)

1689      Pietro Gnocchi (born), Italian composer, director, historian, and geographer (died 1775)

1691       Edward Cave (born), English publisher, founded The Gentleman’s Magazine (died 1754)

1700      The island of New Britain is discovered.

1706      John Evelyn (died), English author (born 1620)

1735      John Arbuthnot (died), Scottish physician (born 1667)

1776      American Revolutionary War: the Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge in North Carolina breaks up a Loyalist militia.

1779      Thomas Hazlehurst (born), English businessman, founded Hazlehurst & Sons (died 1842)

1782      American Revolutionary War: the House of Commons of Great Britain votes against further war in America.

1801      Pursuant to the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Washington, D.C. is placed under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress.

1807      Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (born), American poet (died 1882)

1812      Poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against Industrialism in his home county of Nottinghamshire.

1844      Nicholas Biddle (died), American banker (born 1786)

1844      The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti.

1860      Abraham Lincoln makes a speech at Cooper Union in the city of New York that is largely responsible for his election to the Presidency.

1864      American Civil War: The first Northern prisoners arrive at the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia.

1867      Irving Fisher (born), American economist (died 1947)

1869      Alice Hamilton (born), American academic (died 1970)

1870      The current flag of Japan is first adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships.

1886      Hugo Black (born), American jurist and politician (died 1971)

1887      Alexander Borodin (died), Russian composer and chemist (born 1833)

1888     Roberto Assagioli (born), Italian psychiatrist (died 1974)

1891      David Sarnoff (born), Belarusian-American businessman and journalist, founded RCA (died 1971)

1892      Louis Vuitton (died), French businessman, founded Louis Vuitton (born 1821)

1897      Marian Anderson (born), American singer (died 1993)

1900      The British Labour Party is founded.

1902      Breaker Morant (died), English-Australian soldier (born 1864)

1902      Gene Sarazen (born), American golfer (died 1999)

1902      John Steinbeck (born), American author, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1968)

1903      Ion Irimescu (born), Romanian sculptor and sketcher (died 2005)

1910      Genrikh Kasparyan (born), Armenian chess player (died 1995)

1910      Kelly Johnson (born), American engineer, co-founded Skunk Works (died 1990)

1910      Peter De Vries (born), American author (died 1993)

1912       Lawrence Durrell (born), Indian-English author (died 1990)

1913       Irwin Shaw (born), American author and screenwriter (died 1984)

1913       Paul Ricoeur (born), French philosopher (died 2005)

1921       The International Working Union of Socialist Parties is founded in Vienna.

1922      A challenge to the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, allowing women the right to vote, is rebuffed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Leser v. Garnett.

1922      Hans Rookmaaker (born), Dutch historian, author, and scholar (died 1977)

1926      David H. Hubel (born), Canadian neurophysiologist, Nobel Prize laureate

1930      Joanne Woodward (born), American actress

1932      Elizabeth Taylor (born), English-American actress (died 2011)

1934      Ralph Nader (born), American lawyer, author, and activist

1936      Ivan Pavlov (died), Russian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1849)

1939      Peter Revson (born), American race car driver (died 1974)

1939      United States labor law: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that sit-down strikes violate property owners’ rights and are therefore illegal.

1940      Howard Hesseman (born), American actor

1940      Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discover carbon-14

1942      Robert H. Grubbs (born), American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

1942      World War II: During the Battle of the Java Sea, an allied strike force is defeated by a Japanese task force in the Java Sea in the Dutch East Indies

1951       The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, limiting Presidents to two terms, is ratified.

1954      Neal Schon (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Journey, Santana, Bad English, and Hardline)

1959      Johnny Van Zant (born), American singer-songwriter (Lynyrd Skynyrd and Van Zant)

1962      Adam Baldwin (born), American actor

1963      The Dominican Republic receives its first democratically elected president, Juan Bosch, since the end of the dictatorship led by Rafael Trujillo.

1964      The government of Italy asks for help to keep the Leaning Tower of Pisa from toppling over.

1969      Marius Barbeau (died), Canadian ethnographer (born 1883)

1971       Doctors in the first Dutch abortion clinic (the Mildredhuis in Arnhem) start to perform aborti provocati.

1973      The American Indian Movement occupies Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

1976      The formerly Spanish territory of Western Sahara, under the auspices of the Polisario Front declares independence as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

1980      Chelsea Clinton (born), First daughter and heir apparent to the Hilary Clinton empire

1981      Josh Groban (born), American singer-songwriter and actor

1985      Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (died), American politician and diplomat, 3rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations (born 1902)

1985      Ray Ellington (died), English singer and drummer (born 1916)

1989      Konrad Lorenz (died), Austrian zoologist, Nobel laureate (born 1903)

1990      Nahum Norbert Glatzer (died), Jewish-American scholar (born 1903)

1991       Gulf War: U.S. President George H. W. Bush announces that “Kuwait is liberated”.

1992      S. I. Hayakawa (died), Canadian-American linguist and politician (born 1906)

1993      Lillian Gish (died), American actress (born 1893)

2004     The initial version of the John Jay Report, with details about the Catholic sexual abuse scandal in the United States, is released.

2006     Otis Chandler (died), American publisher (born 1927)

2008     Boyd Coddington (died), American motorcycle designer (born 1944)

2008     William F. Buckley, Jr. (died), American author and journalist, founded the National Review (born 1925)

2013      Richard Street (died), American singer-songwriter (The Temptations and The Monitors) (born 1942)

2013      Van Cliburn (died), American pianist (born 1934)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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