20 October

1632     Christopher Wren, English architect, designed St Paul’s Cathedral (died 1723)

1720     Caribbean pirate Calico Jack is captured by the Royal Navy.

1803     The United States Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase.

1818     The Convention of 1818 signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the Canada-United States border on the 49th parallel for most of its length.

1859     John Dewey (born), American philosopher and psychologist (died 1952)

1873     Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.

1882     Bela Lugosi (born), Hungarian-American actor (died 1956)

1890     Richard Francis Burton (born), English geographer and explorer (born 1821)

1927     Joyce Brothers (born), American psychologist, columnist, and actress (died 2013)

1931     Mickey Mantle (born), American baseball player (died 1995)

1944     General Douglas MacArthur fulfills his promise to return to the Philippines when he commands an Allied assault on the islands, reclaiming them from the Japaneseduring the Second World War.

1946     Lewis Grizzard (born), American comedian and author (died 1994)

1947     The House Un-American Activities Committee begins its investigation into Communist infiltration of Hollywood, resulting in a blacklist that prevents some from working in the industry for years.

1950     Tom Petty (born), American singer-songwriter and musician (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Mudcrutch, and Traveling Wilburys)

1952     Governor Evelyn Baring declares a state of emergency in Kenya and begins arresting hundreds of suspected leaders of the Mau Mau Uprising, including Jomo Kenyatta, the future first President of Kenya.

1961     The Soviet Union performs the first armed test of a submarine-launched ballistic missile, launching an R-13 from a Golf class submarine.

1964     Herbert Hoover (died), American politician, 31st President of the United States (born 1874)

1973     The Sydney Opera House opens.

1973     “Saturday Night Massacre”: President Richard Nixon fires U.S. Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus after they refuse to fire Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Cox, who is finally fired by Robert Bork.

1977     Ronnie Van Zant (died), American singer-songwriter (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (born 1948)

1977     Steve Gaines (died), American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd and Detroit (born 1949)

1977     Lynyrd Skynyrd’s plane crash.

1978     Gunnar Nilsson (died), Swedish race car driver (born 1948)

1987     Andrey Kolmogorov (died), Russian mathematician (born 1903)

2010     Bob Guccione (died), American publisher, founded Penthouse magazine (born 1930)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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