1462   Louis XII of France (born) (died 1515) 1556    The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1574    Giorgio Vasari (died), Italian painter, architect, and historian (born 1511) 1627   John Hayward (died), English historian (born 1564) 1696   William Pepperrell (born), American merchant and soldier (died 1759) 1717    Louis… Continue reading →

363     Julian, Roman emperor (died) (born 332) 699     En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic and apothecary who will later be regarded as the founder of a folk religion Shugendō, is banished to Izu Ōshima. 1541    Francisco Pizarro (died), Spanish conquistador (born 1471) 1582   Johannes Schultz (born), German composer (died 1653) 1703   Thomas Clap (born), American… Continue reading →

1533   Mary Tudor (died), Queen of France (born 1496) 1218   Simon de Montfort (died), 5th Earl of Leicester, French crusader (born 1160) 1483   Anthony Woodville (died), 2nd Earl Rivers, English courtier (born 1440) 1560   Wilhelm Fabry (born), German surgeon (d. 1634) 1634   John Marston (died), English poet and playwright (born 1576) 1658   Spanish forces fail… Continue reading →

109     Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometers (25 miles) north-west of Rome. 1314    First War of Scottish Independence: the Battle of Bannockburn concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce, though England did not recognize Scottish independence until 1328… Continue reading →

47 BCCaesarion (born), Egyptian king (died 30 BC) 79       Vespasian (died), Roman emperor (born 9) 1611    The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson’s fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again. 1661    Marriage contract between Charles… Continue reading →