21 January

1338               Charles V of France (born) (died 1380)

1519               Vasco Núñez de Balboa (died), Spanish explorer (born 1475)

1525               The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz’s mother in Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union.

1535               Following the Affair of the Placards, French Protestants are burned at the stake in front of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris

1610               Elizabeth Fones (born), English-American settler (died 1673)

1643               Abel Tasman becomes the first European to reach Tonga.

1735               Johann Gottfried Eckard (born), German pianist and composer (died 1809)

1738               Ethan Allen (born), American military leader (died 1789)

1749               The Verona Philharmonic Theatre is destroyed by fire. It is rebuilt in 1754.

1789               The first American novel, The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth, is printed in Boston, Massachusetts.  It is a sentimental novel written in epistolary form by William Hill Brown.

1793               After being found guilty of treason by the French Convention, Louis XVI of France(born 1754) is executed by guillotine.

1809              Josiah Hornblower (died), American engineer and politician (born 1729)

1813               John C. Frémont (born), American army officer, explorer, and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (died 1890)

1814               Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (died), French botanist and author (born 1737)

1824               Stonewall Jackson (born), American general (died 1863)

1827               Ivan Mikheevich Pervushin (born), Russian mathematician (died 1900)

1840              Jules Dumont d’Urville discovers Adélie Land, Antarctica.

1861               American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.

1864               The Tauranga Campaign begins during the Maori Wars.

1884              Roger Nash Baldwin (born), American author and activist, co-founded the American Civil Liberties Union (died 1981)

1895               Cristóbal Balenciaga (born), Spanish fashion designer, founded Balenciaga (died 1972)

1899               Opel manufactures its first automobile.

1901               Elisha Gray (died), American engineer, co-founded Western Electric (born 1835)

1905               Christian Dior (born), French fashion designer, founded Christian Dior S.A. (died 1957)

1905               Karl Wallenda (born), German acrobat (died 1978)

1911                The first Monte Carlo Rally takes place.

1915               Kiwanis International is founded in Detroit, Michigan.

1922               Telly Savalas (born), American actor (died 1994)

1924               Benny Hill (born), English actor (died 1992)

1924               Vladimir Lenin (died), Russian politician and theorist (born 1870)

1925               Albania declares itself a republic.

1926               Camillo Golgi (died), Italian physician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1843)

1926               Steve Reeves (born), American actor (died 2000)

1928               George Washington Goethals (died), American army officer and engineer (born 1858)

1938               Wolfman Jack (born), American radio host and actor (died 1995)

1940               Jack Nicklaus (born), American golfer

1941               Mike Medavoy (born), Chinese-American film producer, co-founded Orion Pictures

1941               Plácido Domingo (born), Spanish tenor and conductor

1941               Richie Havens (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2013)

1942               Mac Davis (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor

1947               Jill Eikenberry (born), American actress

1948               The Flag of Quebec is adopted and flown for the first time over the National Assembly of Quebec. The day is marked annually as Quebec Flag Day.

1950               American lawyer and government official Alger Hiss is convicted of perjury.

1950               Billy Ocean (born), Trinidadian-English singer-songwriter

1950               George Orwell (died), Indian-English journalist and author (born 1903)

1951               Eric Holder (born), American jurist, 82nd United States Attorney General

1952               Cyril Hellier (born), American soprano

1952               Libbye Hellier (born), American soprano

1952               Louis Menand (born), American author and academic

1953               Paul Allen (born), American businessman, co-founded Microsoft

1954               The first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, is launched in Groton, Connecticut by Mamie Eisenhower, the First Lady of the United States.

1956               Geena Davis (born), American actress

1958               The last Fokker C.X in military service, the Finnish Air Force FK-111 target tower, crashes, killing the pilot and winch-operator.

1959               Cecil B. DeMille (died), American director (born 1881)

1960               Little Joe 1B, a Mercury spacecraft, lifts off from Wallops Island, Virginia with Miss Sam, a female rhesus monkey on board.

1961               435 workers are buried alive when a mine in Coalbrook, Free State collapses.

1968               A B-52 bomber crashes near Thule Air Base, contaminating the area after its nuclear payload ruptures. One of the four bombs remains unaccounted for after the cleanup operation is complete.

1968               Vietnam War: Battle of Khe Sanh              One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins.

1971               The current Emley Moor transmitting station, the tallest free-standing structure in the United Kingdom, begins transmitting UHF broadcasts.

1976               Commercial service of Concorde begins with the London-Bahrain and Paris-Rio routes.

1977               President of the United States Jimmy Carter pardons nearly all American Vietnam War draft evaders, some of whom had emigrated toCanada.

1981               Production of the iconic DeLorean DMC-12 sports car begins in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland.

1983               Lamar Williams (died), American musician, most known as the bassist for The Allman Brothers Band and Seal Level (born 1949)

1984               Jackie Wilson (died), American singer-songwriter (Billy Ward and His Dominoes) (born 1934)

1985               James Beard (died), American chef and author (born 1903)

1997               Colonel Tom Parker (died), Dutch-American talent manager (born 1909)

1998               Jack Lord (died), American actor (born 1920)

1999               War on Drugs: In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard intercepts a ship with over 4,300 kilograms (9,500 lb) of cocaine on board.

2001              Byron De La Beckwith (died), American assassin of Medgar Evers (born 1921)

2002              Peggy Lee (died), American singer-songwriter and actress (born 1920)

2003              A 7.6 magnitude earthquake strikes the Mexican state of Colima, killing 29 and leaving approximately 10,000 people homeless.

2004              NASA’s MER-A (the Mars Rover Spirit) ceases communication with mission control. The problem lies in the management of its flash memory and is fixed remotely from Earth on February 6.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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