20 January

250 Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Pope Fabian is martyred.

1265       In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting held by Simon de Montfort in the Palace of Westminster, now also known colloquially as the “Houses of Parliament”.

1573       Simon Marius (born), German astronomer (died 1624)

1649       Charles I of England goes on trial for treason and other “high crimes”.

1775       André-Marie Ampère (born), French physicist (died 1836)

1783       The Kingdom of Great Britain signs a peace treaty with France and Spain, officially ending hostilities in the American Revolutionary War (also known as the American War of Independence).

1788      The third and main part of First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay. Arthur Phillip decides that Botany Bay is unsuitable for the location of a penal colony, and decides to move to Port Jackson.

1841       Hong Kong Island is occupied by the British.

1885      L.A. Thompson patents the roller coaster.

1887      The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base.

1894       Walter Piston (born), American composer (died 1976)

1894       Harold Gray (born), American cartoonist, created Little Orphan Annie (died 1968)

1896       George Burns (born), American actor (died 1996)

1906       Aristotle Onassis (born), Turkish-Greek businessman (died 1975)

1910       Joy Adamson (born), Austrian author (died 1980)

1918       Nevin S. Scrimshaw (born), American scientist (died 2013)

1920       DeForest Kelley (born), American actor (died 1999)

1920       The American Civil Liberties Union is founded.

1920       Federico Fellini (born), Italian director (died 1993)

1923       Slim Whitman (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2013)

1926       Patricia Neal (born), American actress (died 2010)

1929       Arte Johnson (born), American actor

1929       Fireball Roberts (born), American race car driver (died 1964)

1929       In Old Arizona, the first full-length talking motion picture filmed outdoors, is released.

1930       Buzz Aldrin (born), American pilot and astronaut

1931       Preston Henn (born), American businessman, founded the Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop

1934       Fujifilm, the photographic and electronics company, is founded in Tokyo, Japan.

1936       George V (died) of the United Kingdom (born 1865)

1939       Paul Coverdell (born), American captain and politician (died 2000)

1942       World War II: At the Wannsee Conference held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee, senior Nazi German officials discuss the implementation of the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question”.

1944       James McKeen Cattell (died) , American psychologist (born 1860)

1946       David Lynch (born), American director

1949       Point Four Program a program for economic aid to poor countries announced by United States President Harry S. Truman in his inaugural address for a full term as President.

1951       Ian Hill (born), English bass player (Judas Priest)

1952       Paul Stanley (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (Kiss and Wicked Lester)

1953       Jeffrey Epstein (born), American financier and philanthropist

1956       Bill Maher (born), American comedian, actor, and television host

1958       Lorenzo Lamas (born), American actor

1959       Tami Hoag (born), American author

1964       Fareed Zakaria (born), Indian-American journalist and author

1965       Alan Freed (died) , American radio host (born 1922)

1970       Skeet Ulrich (born), American actor

1971       Broncho Billy Anderson (died) , American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer (born 1880)

1972       Pakistan launched its Nuclear weapons program few weeks after its defeat in Bangladesh Liberation War and Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

1980      Philippe Cousteau, Jr. (born), American-French oceanographer

1981       Twenty minutes after Ronald Reagan is inaugurated, at age 69 the oldest man ever to be inaugurated as U.S. President, Iran releases 52 American hostages.

1984       Johnny Weissmuller (died) , American swimmer and actor (born 1904)

1986       Martin Luther King, Jr. Day is celebrated as a federal holiday for the first time.

1990       On Black Saturday, the Red Army kills Azerbaijani civilians in Baku.

1991       Sudan’s government imposes Islamic law nationwide, worsening the civil war between the country’s Muslim north and Christian south.

1999       The China News Service announces new government restrictions on Internet use, aimed especially at Internet cafés.

2001      Philippine president Joseph Estrada is ousted in a nonviolent 4-day revolution, and is succeeded by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

2006      Witnesses report seeing a bottlenose whale swimming in the River Thames, the first time the species had been seen in the Thames since records began in 1913.

2007      A three-man team, using only skis and kites, completes a 1,093-mile (1,759 km) trek to reach the southern pole of inaccessibility for the first time since 1958 and for the first time ever without mechanical assistance.

2009      David “Fathead” Newman (died) , American saxophonist and songwriter (born 1933)

2012       Etta James (died) , American singer (born 1938)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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