13 November

1780     Ranjit Singh (born), Indian founder of the Sikh Empire (died 1839)

1841     James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.

1850     Robert Louis Stevenson (born), Scottish author and poet (died 1894)

1887     Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.

1901     The 1901 Caister Lifeboat Disaster.

1927     The Holland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City.

1941      The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed by U-81, sinking the following day.

1942      U.S. and Japanese ships engage in an intense, close-quarters surface naval engagement during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

1947     The Soviet Union completes development of the AK-47 one of the first assault rifles.

1956     The Supreme Court of the United States declares Alabama laws requiring segregated buses illegal, thus ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

1969     Anti-war protesters in Washington, D.C. stage a symbolic March Against Death.

1974     Karen Silkwood (died), American activist (born 1946)

1982     The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.

2001    US President George W. Bush signs an executive order allowing military tribunals to try foreigners suspected of connections to terrorist acts or planned acts on the United States.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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