1053    Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (born) (died 1129) 1304   Pope Benedict XI (died) (born 1240) 1307    Edward I of England (died) (born 1239) 1456    A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death. 1520    Spanish conquistadores defeat a larger Aztec army at the Battle of Otumba. 1534    European colonization of… Continue reading →

649     Goar of Aquitaine (died), French-German priest and bishop (born 585) 1189    Henry II of England (died) (born 1133) 1189    Richard I “the Lionheart” accedes to the English throne. 1249    Alexander II of Scotland (died) (born 1198) 1348   Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull protecting the Jews accused of having caused the Black Death…. Continue reading →

465      Ahkal Mo’ Naab’ I (born), Mayan ruler (died 524) 967      Emperor Murakami of Japan (died) (born 926) 1029   Al-Mustansir Billah (born), Egyptian Caliph (died 1094) 1295    Scotland and France forms an alliance, the so-called “Auld Alliance”, against England. 1539    Anthony Maria Zaccaria (died), Italian saint (born 1502) 1547    Garzia de’ Medici (born), Tuscan son… Continue reading →

965      Pope Benedict V (died) 973      Ulrich of Augsburg (died), German bishop (born 890) 1054    A supernova is seen by Chinese, Arab and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula. 1541    Pedro de Alvarado (died),… Continue reading →

1035    William the Conqueror becomes the Duke of Normandy, reigns until 1087. 1423    Louis XI of France (born) (died 1483) 1530    Claude Fauchet (born), French historian (died 1601) 1608   Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain. 1642    Marie de’ Medici (died), Italian-French wife of Henri IV of France (born 1575) 1672    Francis Willughby (died),… Continue reading →