8 July

975      Edgar the Peaceful (died), English king (born 943) 1099   First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in a religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on. 1497    Vasco da Gama sets sail on the first direct European voyage to India. 1538    Diego de Almagro (died), Spanish explorer (born 1475) 1579    Our Lady… Continue reading

7 July

1053    Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (born) (died 1129) 1304   Pope Benedict XI (died) (born 1240) 1307    Edward I of England (died) (born 1239) 1456    A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death. 1520    Spanish conquistadores defeat a larger Aztec army at the Battle of Otumba. 1534    European colonization of… Continue reading

6 July

649     Goar of Aquitaine (died), French-German priest and bishop (born 585) 1189    Henry II of England (died) (born 1133) 1189    Richard I “the Lionheart” accedes to the English throne. 1249    Alexander II of Scotland (died) (born 1198) 1348   Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull protecting the Jews accused of having caused the Black Death…. Continue reading

5 July

465      Ahkal Mo’ Naab’ I (born), Mayan ruler (died 524) 967      Emperor Murakami of Japan (died) (born 926) 1029   Al-Mustansir Billah (born), Egyptian Caliph (died 1094) 1295    Scotland and France forms an alliance, the so-called “Auld Alliance”, against England. 1539    Anthony Maria Zaccaria (died), Italian saint (born 1502) 1547    Garzia de’ Medici (born), Tuscan son… Continue reading