18 January

474        Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He died ten months later.

1486      King Henry VII of England marries Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV.

1535      Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro founds Lima, the capital of Peru.

1670      Henry Morgan captures Panama.

1677      Jan van Riebeeck (died), Dutch administrator, founded Cape Town (born 1619)

1689      Montesquieu (born), French philosopher (died 1755)

1701      Frederick I crowns himself King of Prussia in Königsberg.

1778      James Cook is the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the “Sandwich Islands”.

1779      Peter Mark Roget (born), English physician, theologian, and lexicographer (died 1869)

1782      Daniel Webster (born), American politician, 14th United States Secretary of State (died 1852)

1788      The first elements of the First Fleet carrying 736 convicts from England to Australia arrive at Botany Bay.

1795      Anna Pavlovna of Russia (born) (died 1865)

1862      John Tyler (died), American politician, 10th President of the United States (born 1790)

1871      Wilhelm I of Germany is proclaimed the first German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles (France) towards the end of theFranco-Prussian War. The empire is known as the Second Reich to Germans.

1878      Antoine César Becquerel (died) French physicist (born 1788)

1884      Dr. William Price attempts to cremate the body of his infant son, Jesus Christ Price, setting a legal precedent for cremation in the United Kingdom.

1886      Modern hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.

1886      Baldassare Verazzi (died), Italian painter (born 1819)

1888     Thomas Sopwith (born), English ice hockey player and pilot (died 1989)

1892      Anton Anderledy died), Swiss religious leader, 23rd Superior General of the Society of Jesus (born 1819)

1896      An X-ray generating machine is exhibited for the first time by H.L. Smith.

1901      Ivan Petrovsky (born), Russian mathematician (died 1973)

1904      Cary Grant (born), English actor (died 1986)

1905      Joseph Bonanno (born), Italian-American gangster (died 2002)

1908      Jacob Bronowski (born), Polish-English mathematician, historian, and physicist (died 1974)

1911       Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco Bay, the first time an aircraft landed on a ship.

1913       Danny Kaye (born), American actor (died 1987)

1916       A 611 gram chondrite type meteorite strikes a house near the village of Baxter in Stone County, Missouri.

1919       Bentley Motors Limited is founded.

1919       World War I: The Paris Peace Conference opens in Versailles, France.

1936      Rudyard Kipling (died), English author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1865)

1941       David Ruffin (born), American singer (The Temptations) (died 1991)

1941       World War II: British troops launch a general counter-offensive against Italian East Africa.

1943      Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: The first uprising of Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto.

1944      Soviet forces liberate Leningrad, effectively ending a three year Nazi siege, known as the Siege of Leningrad.

1944      The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City hosts a jazz concert for the first time. The performers are Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Artie Shaw, Roy Eldridge and Jack Teagarden.

1950      Gilles Villeneuve (born), Canadian race car driver (died 1982)

1952      Michael Behe (born), American biochemist and author

1955      Kevin Costner (born), American actor, singer, director, and producer

1967      Albert DeSalvo, the “Boston Strangler”, is convicted of numerous crimes and is sentenced to life imprisonment.

1971       Christian Fittipaldi (born), Brazilian race car driver

1974      A Disengagement of Forces agreement is signed between the Israeli and Egyptian governments, ending conflict on the Egyptian front of theYom Kippur War.

1977      Scientists identify a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires’ disease.

1978      The roof structure of the Hartford Civic Center collapses after a significant snowfall.

1978      Thor Hushovd (born), Norwegian cyclist

1981      Phil Smith and Phil Mayfield parachute off a Houston skyscraper, becoming the first two people to BASE jump from objects in all four categories: buildings, antennae, spans (bridges), and earth (cliffs).

1983      The International Olympic Committee restores Jim Thorpe’s Olympic medals to his family.

1990      Washington, D.C. Mayor Marion Barry is arrested for drug possession in an FBI sting.

1993      Martin Luther King, Jr. Day is officially observed for the first time in all 50 states.

1997      Boerge Ousland of Norway becomes the first person to cross Antarctica alone and unaided.

1997      In north west Rwanda, Hutu militia members kill 3 Spanish aid workers, 3 soldiers and seriously wound one other.

1997      Paul Tsongas (died), American politician (born 1941)

2000     The Tagish Lake meteorite impacts the Earth.

2002     Sierra Leone Civil War is declared over.

2005     The Airbus A380, the world’s largest commercial jet, is unveiled at a ceremony in Toulouse, France

2007     The strongest storm in the United Kingdom in 17 years kills 14 people and Germany sees the worst storm since 1999 with 13 deaths.Hurricane Kyrill causes at least 44 deaths across 20 countries in Western Europe.

2009     Gaza War: Hamas announces they will accept Israeli Defense Forces’s offer of a ceasefire, ending the assault.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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