3 November

39  Lucan (born), Roman poet (died 65)

1493     Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea.

1500     Benvenuto Cellini (born), Italian sculptor and painter (died 1571)

1783     John Austin, a highwayman, is the last person to be publicly hanged at London’s Tyburn gallows.

1783     The American Continental Army is disbanded.

1793     French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined.

1793     Stephen F. Austin (born), American businessman (died 1836)

1794     William Cullen Bryant (born), American poet and journalist (died 1878)

1817     The Bank of Montreal, Canada’s oldest chartered bank, opens in Montreal, Quebec.

1838     The Times of India, the world’s largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.

1868     John Willis Menard was the first African American elected to the United States Congress. Because of an electoral challenge, he was never seated.

1883     American Old West: Self-described “Black Bart the poet” gets away with his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves a clue that eventually leads to his capture.

1911      Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in competition with the Ford Model T.

1913     The United States introduces an income tax.

1926     Annie Oakley (died), American target shooter (born 1860)

1954     The first Godzilla film is released.

1957     The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2. On board is the first animal to enter orbit, a dog named Laika.

1960     The land that would become the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge was established by an Act of Congress after a year-long legal battle that pitted local residents against Port Authority of New York and New Jersey officials wishing to turn the Great Swamp into a major regional airport for jet aircraft.

1964     Washington D.C. residents are able to vote in a presidential election for the first time.

1969     Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon addresses the nation on television and radio, asking the “silent majority” to join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies.

1973     NASA launches the Mariner 10 toward Mercury. On March 29, 1974, it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet.

1979     Five members of the Communist Workers Party are shot dead and seven are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis during a “Death to the Klan” rally in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States.

1986     The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reports that the United States has been secretly selling weapons to Iran in order to secure the release of seven American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.

1990     Mary Martin (died), American actress (born 1913)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
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