7 September

70        A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.

1228   Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II landed in Acre, Palestine and started the Sixth Crusade, which resulted in a peaceful restitution of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

1524    Thomas Erastus (born), Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583)

1533    Elizabeth I of England (born) (d. 1603)

1559    Robert Estienne (died), English-French printer and scholar (born 1503)

1571     Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.

1685    William Carpenter (died), English-American settler, co-founded Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (born 1605)

1695    Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable pirate raids in history with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to end to all English trading in India.

1705    Matthäus Günther (born), German painter (d. 1788)

1707    Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (born), French mathematician, cosmologist, and author (d. 1788)

1719    John Harris (died), English priest and scientist (born 1666)

1726    François-André Danican Philidor (born), French chess player and composer (d. 1795)

1777    Heinrich Stölze (born), German horn player and composer (d. 1844)

1799    Louis Guillaume Le Monnier (died), French botanist (born 1717)

1812    French invasion of Russia : The Battle of Borodino, the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, was fought near Moscow and resulted in a French victory.

1815    John McDouall Stuart (born), Scottish explorer and surveyor (d. 1866)

1833   Hannah More (died), English poet, playwright, and philanthropist (born 1745)

1836   August Toepler (born), German physicist (d. 1912)

1857    Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers slaughter most members of peaceful, emigrant wagon train.

1860   Grandma Moses (born), American painter (d. 1961)

1864   American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia, is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.

1867    J. P. Morgan, Jr. (born), American banker and philanthropist (d. 1943)

1870   Aleksandr Kuprin (born), Russian pilot, explorer, and author (d. 1938)

1876    In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang attempt to rob the town’s bank but are driven off by armed citizens.

1892   John Greenleaf Whittier (died), American poet (born 1807)

1893   Hamilton Fish (died), American lawyer and politician, 26th United States Secretary of State (born 1808)

1893   The Genoa Cricket & Athletic Club, to become one of the oldest Italian football clubs, is established by British expats.

1895    The first game of what would become known as rugby league football is played, in England, starting the 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season.

1900   Giuseppe Zangara (born), Italian-American assassin of Anton Cermak (d. 1933)

1900   Taylor Caldwell (born), English-American author (d. 1985)

1901    The Boxer Rebellion in China officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.

1903   Margaret Landon (born), American missionary and author (d. 1993)

1907    Cunard Line’s RMS Lusitania sets sail on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.

1908   Max Kaminsky (born), American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 1994)

1908   Michael E. DeBakey (born), American surgeon and educator (d. 2008)

1909   Elia Kazan (born), Turkish-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)

1909   Eugene Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, becoming the first ‘pilot’ in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air craft.

1911     French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum.

1912    David Packard (born), American engineer and businessman, co-founded Hewlett-Packard (d. 1996)

1914    James Van Allen (born), American scientist and philosopher (d. 2006)

1916    US federal employees win the right to Workers’ compensation by Federal Employers Liability Act (39 Stat. 742; 5 U.S.C. 751)

1917    Leonard Cheshire (born), English captain, pilot, and humanitarian (d. 1992)

1921    Arthur Ferrante (born), American pianist (Ferrante & Teicher) (d. 2009)

1921    In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America Pageant, a two-day event, is held.

1923    Nancy Keesing (born), Australian author and poet (d. 1993)

1923    Peter Lawford (born), English-American actor and singer (d. 1984)

1924    Daniel Inouye (born), American captain and politician, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2012)

1925    Laura Ashley (born), Welsh fashion designer, founded Laura Ashley plc (d. 1985)

1927    The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Taylor Farnsworth.

1930   Sonny Rollins (born), American saxophonist and composer

1932    John Paul Getty, Jr. (born), American-English philanthropist and book collector (d. 2003)

1932    Malcolm Bradbury (born), English author and academic (d. 2000)

1934    Little Milton (born), American singer and guitarist (d. 2005)

1936    Brian Hart (born), English race car driver and engineer, founded Brian Hart Ltd. (d. 2014)

1936    Buddy Holly (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Crickets) (d. 1959)

1936    The last surviving member of the thylacine species, Benjamin, dies alone in her cage at the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.

1937    Olly Wilson (born), American pianist, bassist, and composer

1942    World War II: Australian and US forces inflict a significant defeat upon the Japanese at the Battle of Milne Bay.

1945    Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since December of 1941, surrender to U.S. Marines.

1950    Peggy Noonan (born), American author

1951    Chrissie Hynde (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Pretenders and The Moors Murderers)

1953    Benmont Tench (born), American keyboard player (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and Mudcrutch)

1953    Marc Hunter (born), New Zealand singer-songwriter (Dragon and The Party Boys) (d. 1998)

1953    Nikita Khrushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1954    Corbin Bernsen (born), American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

1954    Doug Bradley (born), English actor

1960   Brad Houser (born), American bass player (Edie Brickell & New Bohemians and Critters Buggin)

1961    LeRoi Moore (born), American saxophonist and songwriter (Dave Matthews Band) (d. 2008)

1962    Graham Walker (died), English motorcycle racer and journalist (born 1897)

1962    Karen Blixen (died), Danish author (born 1885)

1963    The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members.

1969    Everett Dirksen (died), American lieutenant and politician (born 1896)

1970    Bill Shoemaker sets record for most lifetime wins as a jockey (passing Johnny Longden).

1971    Spring Byington (died), American actress and singer (born 1886)

1977    The Torrijos-Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The United States agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.

1978    Keith Moon (died), English drummer, songwriter, producer, and actor (The Who and Plastic Ono Band) (born 1946)

1978    While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella.

1979    The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for USD $1.5 billion to avoid bankruptcy.

1986   Desmond Tutu becomes the first black man to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa.

1986   Gen. Augusto Pinochet, president of Chile, escapes attempted assassination.

1991    Edwin McMillan (died), American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907)

2002   Uziel Gal (died), German-Israeli gun designer, designed the Uzi (born 1923)

2003   Warren Zevon (died), American singer-songwriter (Hindu Love Gods and Lyme and Cybelle) (born 1947)

2005   Egypt holds its first-ever multi-party presidential election.

2008  The US Government takes control of the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

2012   Canada officially cuts diplomatic ties with Iran by closing its embassy in Tehran and ordered the expulsion of Iranian diplomats from Ottawa, over support for Syria, nuclear plans and alleged rights abuses.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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