27 September

1066   William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme River, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.

1389   Cosimo de’ Medici (born), Italian ruler (died 1464)

1422    After the brief Gollub War the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania

1529    The Siege of Vienna begins when Suleiman I attacks the city.

1540    The Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.

1590    Pope Urban VII dies 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, making his reign the shortest papacy in history (born 1521).

1601    Louis XIII of France (born) (died 1643)

1615    Lady Arbella Stuart (died), English wife of William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset (born 1575)

1660   Vincent de Paul (died), French priest and saint (born 1581)

1700   Pope Innocent XII (died) (born 1615)

1719    Abraham Gotthelf Kästner (born), German mathematician and epigrammatist (died 1800)

1722    Samuel Adams (born), American politician, 4th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1803)

1729    Michael Denis (born), Austrian lepidopterist, author, and poet (died 1800)

1735    Peter Artedi (died), Swedish ichthyologist (born 1705)

1777    Lancaster, Pennsylvania is the capital of the United States, for one day.

1805   George Müller (born), German-English evangelist and missionary, founded the Ashley Down Orphanage (died 1898)

1818    Hermann Kolbe (born), German chemist (died 1884)

1821    Henri-Frédéric Amiel (born), Swiss philosopher, poet, and critic (died 1881)

1821    Mexico gains its independence from Spain.

1822   Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta stone.

1825    The world’s first public railway to use steam locomotives, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, is ceremonially opened.

1832   Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (died), German philosopher (born 1781)

1840   Thomas Nast (born), German-American cartoonist (died 1902)

1842   Alphonse François Renard (born), Belgian geologist and petrographer (died 1903)

1843   Gaston Tarry (born), French mathematician (died 1913)

1879    Cyril Scott (born), English poet and composer (died 1970)

1879    Frederick Schule (born), American hurdler and coach (died 1962)

1879    Hans Hahn (born), Austrian mathematician and philosopher (died 1934)

1885   Harry Blackstone, Sr. (born), American magician (died 1965)

1886   Charles Gordon Greene (died), American journalist (born 1804)

1894   Lothar von Richthofen (born), German pilot (died 1922)

1896   Sam Ervin (born), American politician (died 1985)

1903   Wreck of the Old 97, a train crash made famous by the song of the same name.

1905    The physics journal Annalen der Physik received Albert Einstein’s paper “Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?”, introducing the equation E=mc².

1907    Maurice Blanchot (born), French philosopher and theorist (died 2003)

1908   The first production of the Ford Model T automobile was built at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan.

1913    Albert Ellis (born), American psychologist (died 2007)

1917    Edgar Degas (died), French painter (born 1834)

1919    Charles H. Percy (born), American lieutenant and politician (died 2011)

1919    James H. Wilkinson (born), American mathematician (died 1986)

1920   Jayne Meadows (born), American actress and author

1920   William Conrad (born), American actor, director, and producer (died 1994)

1921    Miklós Jancsó (born), Hungarian director and screenwriter (died 2014)

1922    Arthur Penn (born), American director and producer (died 2010)

1924    Bud Powell (born), American pianist (died 1966)

1924    Ernest Becker (born), American anthropologist (died 1974)

1924    Fred Singer (born), Austrian-American physicist

1928   The Republic of China is recognized by the United States.

1929    Barbara Murray (born), English actress

1929    Bruno Junk (born), Estonian race walker (died 1995)

1929    Calvin Jones (born), American pianist, composer, and educator (died 2004)

1930   Bobby Jones wins the U.S. Amateur Championship to complete the Grand Slam of golf. The old structure of the grand slam was the U.S. Open, British Open, U.S. Amateur, and British Amateur.

1933    Greg Morris (born), American actor (died 1996)

1934    Wilford Brimley (born), American actor

1937    Balinese Tiger declared extinct.

1938   Ocean liner Queen Elizabeth launched in Glasgow.

1940   Walter Benjamin (died), German philosopher and critic (born 1892)

1941    Don Nix (born), American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (The Mar-Keys)

1941    The SS Patrick Henry is launched becoming the first of more than 2,700 Liberty ships.

1943    Randy Bachman (born), Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Guess Who, Ironhorse, Bachman–Turner Overdrive, Bachman & Turner, and Brave Belt)

1947    Meat Loaf (born), American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor

1949    The first Plenary Session of the National People’s Congress approves the design of the Flag of the People’s Republic of China.

1953    Greg Ham (born), Australian keyboard player, saxophonist, songwriter, and actor (Men at Work) (died 2012)

1954    The nationwide debut of Tonight Starring Steve Allen (The Tonight Show) hosted by Steve Allen on NBC.

1956    Babe Didrikson Zaharias (died), American basketball player and golfer (born 1911)

1960   Sylvia Pankhurst (died), English activist (born 1882)

1961    Sierra Leone joins the United Nations.

1962    The Yemen Arab Republic is established.

1964    Stephan Jenkins (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Third Eye Blind)

1966    Debbie Wasserman Schultz (born), American politician

1968   Patrick Muldoon (born), American actor, singer, and guitarist

1968   The stage musical Hair opens at the Shaftesbury Theatre in London, where it played 1,998 performances until its closure was forced by the roof collapsing in July 1973.

1969    Sofia Milos (born), Swiss-American actress

1972    Gwyneth Paltrow (born), American actress and singer

1979    Jimmy McCulloch (died), Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (One in a Million, Small Faces, Wings, Thunderclap Newman, and The Dukes) (born 1953)

1979    The United States Department of Education receives final approval from the U.S. Congress to become the 13th US Cabinet agency.

1981    Robert Montgomery (died), American actor, singer, director, and producer (born 1904)

1983   Richard Stallman announces the GNU project to develop a free Unix-like operating system.

1986   Cliff Burton (died), American bass player and songwriter (Metallica, EZ-Street, and Trauma) (born 1962)

1991    Oona O’Neill (died), English-Swiss wife of Charlie Chaplin, daughter of playwright Eugene O’Neill and writer Agnes Boulton (born 1926)

1993    Jimmy Doolittle (died), American general, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1896)

1996    In Afghanistan, the Taliban capture the capital city Kabul after driving out President Burhanuddin Rabbani and executing former leader Mohammad Najibullah.

1998   The Google internet search engine retrospectively claims this as its birthday.

2001   Zug, Switzerland, Friedrich Leibacher shoots 18 citizens, killing 14 and then himself.

2003   Donald O’Connor (died), American actor, singer, and dancer (born 1925)

2004   John E. Mack (died), American psychiatrist and author (born 1929)

2005   After 162 episodes, Tom and Jerry airs its final episode titled, The Karate Guard.

2007   NASA launches the Dawn probe.

2008  CNSA astronaut Zhai Zhigang becomes the first Chinese person to perform a spacewalk while flying on Shenzhou 7.

2009   Charles Houston (died), American physician and mountaineer (born 1913)

2009   William Safire (died), American author and journalist (born 1929)

2010   George Blanda (died), American football player (born 1927)

2011    Johnny “Country” Mathis (died), American singer-songwriter (Jimmy & Johnny) (born 1933)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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