23 August

30 BCCaesarion (died), Egyptian king (born 47 BC)

406     Gothic king Radagaisus is executed after he is defeated by Roman general Stilicho and 12,000 “barbarians” are incorporated into the Roman army or sold as slaves.

79        Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.

1305    Sir William Wallace (born 1272) is executed for high treason at Smithfield in London.

1541    French explorer Jacques Cartier lands near Quebec City in his third voyage to Canada.

1572    Mob violence against Huguenots in Paris – St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre.

1614    The University of Groningen is established in the Dutch Republic.

1623    Stanisław Lubieniecki (born), Polish astronomer, theologian, and historian (died 1675)

1628   George Villiers, the first Duke of Buckingham, is assassinated by John Felton.

1650    Colonel George Monck of the English Army forms Monck’s Regiment of Foot, which will later become the Coldstream Guards.

1652    John Byron (died), 1st Baron Byron, English politician (born 1600)

1741    Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (born), French admiral and explorer (died 1788)

1754    Louis XVI of France (born) (died 1793)

1769    Georges Cuvier (born), French biologist (died 1832)

1783    William Tierney Clark (born), English engineer, designed the Hammersmith Bridge (died 1852)

1784    Western North Carolina (now eastern Tennessee) declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin; it is not accepted into the United States, and only lasts for four years.

1785    Oliver Hazard Perry (born), American commander (died 1819)

1799    Napoleon leaves Egypt for France en route to seizing power.

1819    Oliver Hazard Perry (died), American commander (born 1785)

1829   Moritz Cantor (born), German mathematician and historian (died 1920)

1846   Alexander Milne Calder (born), Scottish-American sculptor (died 1923)

1847    Sarah Frances Whiting (born), American physicist and astronomer (died 1927)

1852    Arnold Toynbee (born), English economist and historian (died 1883)

1868   Edgar Lee Masters (born), American author (died 1950)

1884   Will Cuppy (born), American author and critic (died 1949)

1890   Harry Frank Guggenheim (born), American businessman and publisher, co-founded Newsday (died 1971)

1897    Henry F. Pringle (born), American historian and journalist (died 1958)

1898   The Southern Cross Expedition, the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, departs from London.

1903   William Primrose (born), Scottish viola player (died 1982)

1904   The automobile tire chain is patented.

1905    Ernie Bushmiller (born), American cartoonist (died 1982)

1912    Gene Kelly (born), American actor, singer, and dancer (died 1996)

1917    Tex Williams (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1985)

1919    Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin (born), Azerbaijani mathematician (died 1984)

1923    Capt. Lowell Smith and Lt. John P. Richter performed the first mid-air refueling on De Havilland DH-4B, setting an endurance flight record of 37 hours.

1926    Clifford Geertz (born), American anthropologist (died 2006)

1926    Rudolph Valentino (died), Italian-American actor (born 1895)

1927    Italian Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti are executed after a lengthy, controversial trial.

1942    World War II: Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad.

1943    Nelson DeMille (born), American author

1944    World War II: Marseille is liberated.

1946    Keith Moon (born), English drummer, songwriter, and producer (The Who and Plastic Ono Band) (died 1978)

1949    Geoff Capes (born), English shot putter and strongman

1949    Rick Springfield (born), Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Zoot)

1949    William Lane Craig (born), American apologist and theologian

1951    Queen Noor of Jordan (born)

1954    First flight of the C-130 Hercules transport aircraft.

1956    Andreas Floer (born), German mathematician (died 1991)

1960   Oscar Hammerstein II (died), American director, producer, and composer (born 1895)

1961    Dean DeLeo (born), American guitarist (Stone Temple Pilots, Talk Show, and Army of Anyone)

1962    Hoot Gibson (died), American actor, director, and producer (born 1892)

1962    Walter Anderson (died), Russian-German ethnologist (born 1885)

1963    Glen Gray (died), American saxophonist and bandleader (Casa Loma Orchestra) (born 1900)

1966    Francis X. Bushman (died), American actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1883)

1966    Lunar Orbiter 1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon.

1970    Organized by Mexican American union leader César Chávez, the Salad Bowl strike, the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history, begins.

1970    River Phoenix (born), American actor and singer (died 1993)

1973    A bank robbery gone wrong in Stockholm, Sweden, turns into a hostage crisis; over the next five days the hostages begin to sympathize with their captors, leading to the term “Stockholm syndrome”.

1977    The Gossamer Condor wins the Kremer prize for human powered flight.

1985    Hans Tiedge, top counter-spy of West Germany, defects to East Germany.

1987    Didier Pironi (died), French race car driver (born 1952)

1987    The American male basketball team lost the gold medal to Brazilian team at the Pan American Games in Indianapolis. Score was 115-120 and triggered changes in this sport basis in USA, resulting in the “Dream Team”.

1990   Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.

1990   Saddam Hussein appears on Iraqi state television with a number of Western “guests” (actually hostages) to try to prevent the Gulf War.

1990   Tim Berners-Lee opens the WWW – World Wide Web to new users.

1990   West Germany and East Germany announce that they will reunite on October 3.

1993    The Galileo spacecraft discovers a moon, later named Dactyl, around 243 Ida, the first known asteroid moon.

1994    Eugene Bullard, the only black pilot in World War I, is posthumously commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the United States Air Force.

1996    Osama bin Laden issues message entitled ‘A declaration of war against the Americans occupying the land of the two holy places.’

2006   Maynard Ferguson (died), Canadian trumpet player and bandleader (Big Bop Nouveau) (born 1928)

2011    Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is overthrown after the National Transitional Council forces take control of Bab al-Azizia compound during the 2011 Libyan civil war.

2013   William Glasser (died), American psychiatrist (born 1925)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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