23 April

871      Æthelred of Wessex (died) (born 837)

1016     Æthelred the Unready (died), English son of Edgar the Peaceful (born 968)

1016     Edmund Ironside succeeds his father Æthelred the Unready as king of England,

1348    The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III is announced on St. George’s Day.

1464    Joan of France (born), Duchess of Berry (died 1505)

1484    Julius Caesar Scaliger (born), Italian physician and scholar (died 1558)

1500    Alexander Ales (born), Scottish theologian (died 1565)

1516     Georg Fabricius (born), German poet, historian, and archaeologist (died 1571)

1605    Boris Godunov (died) of Russia (born 1551)

1616     Garcilaso de la Vega (died), Peruvian historian and author (born 1539)

1616     William Shakespeare (died), English playwright and actor (born 1564)

1621     William Penn (born), English admiral and politician (died 1670)

1628    Johannes Hudde (born), Dutch mathematician and politician (died 1704)

1635    The first public school in the United States, Boston Latin School, is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.

1661     King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.

1791     James Buchanan (born), American politician, 15th President of the United States (died 1868)

1792    John Thomas Romney Robinson (born), Irish astronomer and physicist (died 1882)

1792    Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (died), German theologian and adventurer (born 1741)

1805    Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz (born), German philosopher (died 1879)

1813     Stephen A. Douglas (born), American politician (died 1861)

1850    William Wordsworth (died), English poet (born 1770)

1857    Ruggero Leoncavallo (born), Italian composer (died 1919)

1858    Ethel Smyth (born), English composer (died 1944)

1858    Max Planck (born), German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1947)

1891     Sergei Prokofiev (born), Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1953)

1895    Carl Ludwig (died), German physician and physiologist (born 1815)

1895    Ngaio Marsh (born), New Zealand author and director (died 1982)

1901     E. B. Ford (born), English geneticist (died 1988)

1907    Alferd Packer (died), American prospector (born 1842)

1910     American President Theodore Roosevelt makes his “The Man in the Arena” speech.

1921     Janet Blair (born), American actress (died 2007)

1924    Bobby Rosengarden (born), American drummer and bandleader (died 2007)

1928    Shirley Temple (born), American actress, singer, and dancer

1930    Alan Oppenheimer (born), American actor

1932    Halston (born), American fashion designer (died 1990)

1932    Jim Fixx (born), American runner and author (died 1984)

1936    Roy Orbison (born), American singer-songwriter (Traveling Wilburys) (died 1988)

1939    Lee Majors (born), American actor

1940    The Rhythm Night Club fire at a dance hall in Natchez, Mississippi, kills 198 people.

1942    Sandra Dee (born), American model and actress (died 2005)

1945    World War II Adolf Hitler’s designated successor Hermann Göring sends him a telegram asking permission to take leadership of the Third Reich, which causes Hitler to replace him with Joseph Goebbels and Karl Dönitz.

1947    Glenn Cornick (born), English bass player (Jethro Tull and Paris)

1949    David Cross (born), English violinist (King Crimson)

1951     American journalist William N. Oatis is arrested for espionage by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia.

1954    Michael Moore (born), American director, producer, and activist

1954    Tony Atlas (born), American bodybuilder and wrestler

1960    Steve Clark (born), English guitarist and songwriter (Def Leppard) (died 1991)

1960    Valerie Bertinelli (born), American actress

1961     George Lopez (born), American comedian, actor, and talk show host

1963    Paul Belmondo (born), French race car driver

1966    Matt Freeman (born), American bass player (Operation Ivy, Rancid, Social Distortion, Basic Radio, Downfall, and Devils Brigade)

1967    Soviet space program: Soyuz 1 (Russian: Союз 1, Union 1) a manned spaceflight carrying cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov is launched into orbit.

1968    Timothy McVeigh (born), American terrorist, committed the Oklahoma City Bombing (died 2001)

1968    Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university.

1983    Buster Crabbe (died), American swimmer and actor (born 1908)

1984    Red Garland (died), American pianist (Miles Davis Quintet) (born 1923)

1985    Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than 3 months.

1985    Sam Ervin (died), American lawyer and politician (born 1896)

1986    Otto Preminger (died), Ukrainian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1906)

1993    Cesar Chavez (died), American activist, co-founded the United Farm Workers (born 1927)

1993    Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.

1995    Howard Cosell (died), American lawyer and journalist (born 1918)

1995    John C. Stennis (died), American lawyer and politician (born 1904)

1998    James Earl Ray (died), American assassin of Martin Luther King, Jr. (born 1928)

2007    Boris Yeltsin (died), Russian politician, 1st President of Russia (born 1931)

2012    Chris Ethridge (died), American bass player and songwriter (The Flying Burrito Brothers and International Submarine Band) (born 1947)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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