22 July

1210    Joan of England (born), Queen of Scotland (died 1238)

1298   Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk – King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.

1456    Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade – John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire

1461    Charles VII of France (died) (born 1403)

1484   Battle of Lochmaben Fair  A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany’s brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.

1510    Alessandro de’ Medici (born), Duke of Florence (died 1537)

1525    Richard Wingfield (died), English diplomat (born 1426)

1559    Lawrence of Brindisi (born), Italian priest and saint (died 1619)

1587    Colony of Roanoke: a second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.

1619    Lawrence of Brindisi (died), Italian priest and saint (born 1559)

1686   Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.

1702    Alessandro Besozzi (born), Italian oboe player composer (died 1775)

1706    The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each countries’ Parliaments, lead to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

1711     Georg Wilhelm Richmann (born), German-Russian physicist (died 1753)

1713    Jacques-Germain Soufflot (born), French architect, designed the Panthéon (died 1780)

1784    Friedrich Bessel (born), German mathematician and astronomer (died 1846)

1793    Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of Canada.

1796    Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio “Cleveland” after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.

1826   Giuseppe Piazzi (died), Italian mathematician and astronomer (born 1746)

1832   Napoleon II (died), French emperor (born 1811)

1839   Jakob Hurt (born), Estonian folklorist, theologist, and linguist (died 1907)

1864   American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta    outside Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.

1869   John A. Roebling (died), German-American engineer, designed the Brooklyn Bridge (born 1806)

1882   Edward Hopper (born), American painter (died 1967)

1887   Gustav Ludwig Hertz (born), German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1975)

1888   Kirk Bryan (born), American geologist (died 1950)

1890   Rose Kennedy (born), American philanthropist (died 1995)

1893   Karl Menninger (born), American psychiatrist (died 1990)

1894   The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but The ‘official’ victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his 3 hp petrol engined Peugeot.

1898   Alexander Calder (born), American sculptor (died 1976)

1898   Stephen Vincent Benét (born), American poet and author (died 1943)

1908   Amy Vanderbilt (born), American author (died 1974)

1915    Sandford Fleming (died), Scottish-Canadian engineer and inventor, developed Standard time (born 1827)

1916    James Whitcomb Riley (died), American poet and author (born 1849)

1923    Bob Dole (born), American soldier and politician

1928   Orson Bean (born), American actor

1932    Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. (died), American actor and producer (born 1867)

1932    Oscar de la Renta (born), Dominican fashion designer

1933    Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world traveling 15,596 miles (25,099 km) in 7 days, 18 hours and 45 minutes.

1934    John Dillinger (died), American bank robber (born 1903)

1934    Outside Chicago’s Biograph Theater, “Public Enemy No. 1” John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.

1936    Tom Robbins (born), American author

1937    New Deal: the United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.

1940   Alex Trebek (born), Canadian-American game show host and producer

1941    David M. Kennedy (born), American historian and author

1941    Estelle Bennett (born), American singer (The Ronettes) (died 2009)

1941    George Clinton (born), American singer-songwriter and producer (Parliament-Funkadelic)

1941    Ron Turcotte (born), Canadian jockey

1941    Vaughn Bodē (born), American illustrator (died 1975)

1942    The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.

1944    Dennis Firestone (born), Australian race car driver

1944    Rick Davies (born), English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Supertramp)

1946    Danny Glover (born), American actor, director, and producer

1946    Mireille Mathieu (born), French singer

1947    Albert Brooks (born), American actor, director, and screenwriter

1947    Don Henley (born), American singer-songwriter and drummer (The Eagles)

1951    Dezik (Дезик) and Tsygan (Цыган, “Gypsy”) are the first dogs to make a sub-orbital flight.

1953    Brian Howe (born), English rock singer and songwriter (Bad Company)

1955    Willem Dafoe (born), American actor

1961    Calvin Fish (born), English race car driver

1962    Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.

1963    Emily Saliers (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Indigo Girls)

1964    David Spade (born), American actor

1964    John Leguizamo (born), Colombian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter

1967    Carl Sandburg (died), American journalist and author (born 1878)

1976    Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during the imperial Japan’s conquest of the country in the Second World War

1977    Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.

1979    Lucas Luhr (born), German race car driver

1980   Scott Dixon (born), New Zealand race car driver

1991    Jeffrey Dahmer is arrested in Milwaukee after police discover human remains in his apartment.

1992    Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.

1993    Dzhokhar Tsarnaev (born), Chechen-American suspected Boston Marathon bomber

1993    Great Flood of 1993: levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.

2003   Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein’s sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay’s 14-year old son, and a bodyguard.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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