21 February

1245      Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.

1437      James I of Scotland (died) (born 1394)

1554      Hieronymus Bock (died), German botanist (born 1498)

1621       Rebecca Nurse (born), English-American victim of the Salem witch trials (died 1692)

1668      John Thurloe (died), English secretary and spy (born 1616)

1677      Baruch Spinoza (died), Dutch philosopher (born 1632)

1715       Charles Calvert (died), 3rd Baron Baltimore, English politician (born 1637)

1721       John McKinly (born), American physician (died 1796)

1723      Louis-Pierre Anquetil (born), French historian (died 1808)

1791       Carl Czerny (born), Austrian pianist and composer (died 1857)

1794      Antonio López de Santa Anna (born), Mexican general and politician, 8th President of Mexico (died 1876)

1804      The first self-propelling steam locomotive makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren Ironworks in Wales.

1821      Charles Scribner I (born), American publisher, founded Charles Scribner’s Sons (died 1871)

1828      Initial issue of the Cherokee Phoenix is the first periodical to use the Cherokee syllabary invented bySequoyah.

1842      John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.

1846      Emperor Ninkō of Japan (died)  (born 1800)

1848      Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.

1862      American Civil War: Battle of Valverde is fought near Fort Craig in New Mexico Territory.

1874      The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first edition.

1878      The first telephone book is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.

1885      The newly completed Washington Monument is dedicated.

1893      Andrés Segovia (born), Spanish guitarist (died 1987)

1900      Marthinus Nikolaas Ras (died), South African farmer, soldier, and gun maker (born 1853)

1901      George FitzGerald (died), Irish mathematician (born 1851)

1903      Anaïs Nin (born), French-American author (died 1977)

1904      Alexei Kosygin (born), Russian politician (died 1980)

1907      W. H. Auden (born), English-American poet (died 1973)

1918      The last Carolina Parakeet dies in captivity at the Cincinnati Zoo.

1921       Rezā Shāh takes control of Tehran during a successful coup

1924      Emil Frei (born), American physician and oncologist (died 2013)

1925      Sam Peckinpah (born), American director and screenwriter (died 1984)

1925      The New Yorker publishes its first issue.

1926      Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (died), Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1853)

1927      Erma Bombeck (born), American columnist (died 1996)

1927      Hubert de Givenchy (born), French fashion designer, founded Givenchy

1927      Pierre Mercure (born), Canadian bassoon player and composer (died 1966)

1933      Nina Simone (born), American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2003)

1934      Rue McClanahan (born), American actress (died 2010)

1938      George Ellery Hale (died), American astronomer (born 1868)

1940      John Lewis (born), American politician and activist

1940      Peter Gethin (born), English race car driver (died 2011)

1940      Wong Jim (born), Hong Kong actor, screenwriter, and composer (died 2004)

1942      Tony Martin (born), Trinidadian-American historian and educator (died 2013)

1943      David Geffen (born), American film and record producer, co-founded DreamWorks and Geffen Records

1945      World War II: Japanese Kamikaze planes sink the escort carrier USS Bismarck Sea and damage the USS Saratoga.

1946      Knut Hove (born), Norwegian veterinarian

1946      Tyne Daly (born), American actress

1947      In New York City, Edwin Land demonstrates the first “instant camera”, the Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.

1947      Olympia Snowe (born), American politician

1947      Victor Sokolov (born), Russian journalist (died 2006)

1949      Jerry Harrison (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Talking Heads and The Modern Lovers)

1951       Vince Welnick (born), American keyboard player (The Grateful Dead, The Tubes, and Missing Man Formation) (died 2006)

1952      The British government, under Winston Churchill, abolishes identity cards in the UK to “set the people free”.

1955      Kelsey Grammer (born), American actor, singer, director, and producer

1958      Mary Chapin Carpenter (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist

1958      The peace symbol, commissioned by Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in protest against the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, is designed and completed by Gerald Holtom.

1960      Steve Wynn (born), American singer-songwriter (Dream Syndicate and The Baseball Project)

1961       Christopher Atkins (born), American actor

1963      William Baldwin (born), American actor, producer, and screenwriter

1965      Malcolm X (died), American minister and activist (born 1925)

1965      Malcolm X is assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City by members of the Nation of Islam.

1968      Howard Florey (died), Australian pathologist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1898)

1972      President Richard Nixon visits the People’s Republic of China to normalize Sino-American relations.

1972      The Soviet unmanned spaceship Luna 20 lands on the Moon.

1973      Over the Sinai Desert, Israeli fighter aircraft shoot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 jet killing 108.

1974      The last Israeli soldiers leave the west bank of the Suez Canal pursuant to a truce with Egypt.

1975      Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are sentenced to prison.

1977      Kevin Rose (born), American businessman and television host, founded Digg

1979      Jennifer Love Hewitt (born), American actress, singer, and producer

1982      Murray the K (died), American radio host (born 1922)

1995      Steve Fossett lands in Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada becoming the first person to make a solo flight across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon.

1996      Morton Gould (died), American pianist, composer, and composer (born 1913)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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