20 March

43 BC     Ovid (born), Roman poet (died 17)

235         Maximinus Thrax is proclaimed emperor. He is the first foreigner to hold the Roman throne.

1191        Pope Clement III (died) (born 1130)

1413       Henry IV of England (died) (born 1367)

1600      The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.

1602       The Dutch East India Company is established.

1616       Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment.

1725       Abdul Hamid I (born), Ottoman sultan (died 1789)

1726       Isaac Newton (died), English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (born 1642)

1760       The “Great Fire” of Boston, Massachusetts, destroys 349 buildings.

1811       Napoleon II (born), French emperor (died 1832)

1815       After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his “Hundred Days” rule.

1821       Ned Buntline (born), American journalist, author, and publisher (died 1886)

1828      Henrik Ibsen (born), Norwegian poet, playwright, and director (died 1906)

1852       Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published.

1854       The Republican Party of the United States is organized in Ripon, Wisconsin.

1856       Frederick Winslow Taylor (born), American engineer (died 1915)

1874       Börries von Münchhausen (born), German poet (died 1945)

1890      Lauritz Melchior (born), Danish-American tenor (died 1973)

1904       B. F. Skinner (born), American psychologist and author (died 1990)

1906       Ozzie Nelson (born), American actor, singer, and bandleader (died 1975)

1908      Michael Redgrave (born), English actor and director (died 1985)

1916       Albert Einstein publishes his general theory of relativity.

1916       Pierre Messmer (born), French politician, Prime Minister of France (died 2007)

1918       Jack Barry (born), American game show host and producer, co-founded Barry & Enright Productions (died 1984)

1922       Carl Reiner (born), American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer

1922       Larry Elgart (born), American saxophonist and bandleader

1922       The USS Langley (CV-1) is commissioned as the first United States Navy aircraft carrier.

1923       The Arts Club of Chicago hosts the opening of Pablo Picasso’s first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the United States.

1925       George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, English politician, 35th Governor-General of India (born 1859)

1925       John Ehrlichman (born), American lawyer, 12th White House Counsel (died 1999)

1931       Hal Linden (born), American actor, singer, and director

1933       Giuseppe Zangara is executed in Florida’s electric chair for fatally shooting Anton Cermak in an assassination attempt against President-Elect Franklin D. Roosevelt.

1934       Willie Brown (born), American politician, 41st Mayor of San Francisco

1936       Vaughn Meader (born), American comedian and actor (died 2004)

1937       Jerry Reed (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (died 2008)

1939       Brian Mulroney (born), Canadian politician 18th Prime Minister of Canada

1942       World War II: General Douglas MacArthur, at Terowie, South Australia, makes his famous speech regarding the fall of the Philippines, in which he says: “I came out of Bataan and I shall return”.

1948       Bobby Orr (born), Canadian ice hockey player

1948       With a Musicians Union ban lifted, the first telecasts of classical music in the United States, under Eugene Ormandy and Arturo Toscanini, are given on CBS and NBC.

1950       Carl Palmer (born), English drummer and songwriter (Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Asia, and Atomic Rooster)

1950       William Hurt (born), American actor

1951       Jimmie Vaughan (born), American guitarist (The Fabulous Thunderbirds)

1952       Geoff Brabham (born), Australian race car driver

1952       The United States Senate ratifies a peace treaty with Japan.

1956       Tunisia gains independence from France.

1957       Spike Lee (born), American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer

1958       Holly Hunter (born), American actress and producer

1963       Kathy Ireland (born), American model, actress, and furniture designer

1964       The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.

1972       A Provisional IRA car bomb kills seven and injures 148 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It was the first of many car bomb attacks by the group.

1974       Chet Huntley (died), American journalist (born 1911)

1974       Ian Ball attempts, but fails, to kidnap Her Royal Highness Princess Anne and her husband Captain Mark Phillips in The Mall, outside Buckingham Palace, London.

1980      The Radio Caroline ship, Mi Amigo founders in a gale off the English coast.

1985       Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation of the globe in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.

1985       Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the 1,135-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.

1987       The Food and Drug Administration approves the anti-AIDS drug, AZT.

1990       Ferdinand Marcos’s widow, Imelda Marcos, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering.

1993        A Provisional IRA bomb kills two children in Warrington, England. It leads to mass protests in both Britain and Ireland.

1994       Lewis Grizzard (died), American author (born 1946)

1995       A sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway kills 12 and wounds 1,300 persons.

1999       Legoland California, the only Legoland outside of Europe, opens in Carlsbad, California.

2000      Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther once known as H. Rap Brown, is captured after murdering Georgia sheriff’s deputy Ricky Kinchen and critically wounding Deputy Aldranon English.

2003      In the early hours of the morning, the United States and three other countries (the UK, Australia and Poland) begin military operations in Iraq.

2006      Over 150 Chadian soldiers are killed in eastern Chad by members of the rebel UFDC. The rebel movement sought to overthrow Chadian president Idriss Deby.

2010      Stewart Udall (died), American politician (born 1920)

 

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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