2 October

1187    Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule.

1452    Richard III of England (born) (died 1485)

1470    Isabella of Aragon (born), Duchess of Milan (died 1524)

1470    A rebellion organized by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne.

1535    Jacques Cartier discovers the area where Montreal, Quebec is located.

1552    Conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible.

1685    David Teniers III (died), Flemish painter (born 1638)

1718– Elizabeth Montagu (born), British Social reformer, founder of Bluestocking society (died 1800)

1722    Leopold Widhalm (born), Austrian instrument maker (died 1776)

1780    John André, British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War, is hanged as a spy by American forces.

1786    Augustus Keppel (died), 1st Viscount Keppel, English admiral and politician (born 1725)

1789    George Washington sends the proposed Constitutional amendments (The United States Bill of Rights) to the States for ratification.

1800    Nat Turner (born), American slave who led a slave rebellion (died 1831)

1803    Samuel Adams (died), American politician, 4th Governor of Massachusetts (born 1722)

1832    Edward Burnett Tylor (born), English anthropologist (died 1917)

1847    Paul von Hindenburg (born), Polish-German field marshal and politician, 2nd President of Germany (died 1934)

1850    Sarah Biffen (died), English painter (born 1784)

1852    William Ramsay (born) Scottish-English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1916)

1853    François Arago (died), French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and politician, 25th Prime Minister of France (born 1786)

1864    American Civil War: Battle of Saltville – Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia, but are defeated by Confederate troops.

1869    Mahatma Gandhi (born), Indian activist and philosopher (died 1948)

1883    Karl von Terzaghi (born), Czech-American geologist and engineer (died 1963)

1883    Lesley Ashburner (born), American hurdler (died 1950)

1889    In Colorado, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich in silver during the last great silver boom of the American Old West.

1890    Groucho Marx (born), American comedian, actor, and singer (died 1977)

1895    Bud Abbott (born), American actor and singer (died 1974)

1907    Alexander R. Todd (born), Baron Todd, Scottish biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1997)

1912    Frank Malina (born), American engineer and painter (died 1981)

1915    Chubby Wise (born), American fiddler (died 1996)

1917    Christian de Duve (born), English-Belgian cytologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)

1919    U.S. President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.

1925    John Logie Baird performs the first test of a working television system.

1928    The “Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God”, commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded by Saint Josemaría Escrivá.

1929    Cesare Maestri (born), Italian mountaineer and author

1929    Howard Roberts (born), American guitarist (The Wrecking Crew) (died 1992)

1933    John Gurdon (born), English biologist, Nobel Prize laureate

1937    Johnnie Cochran (born), American lawyer (died 2005)

1937    Dominican Republic strongman Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of the Haitian population living within the borderlands; approximately 20,000 are killed over the next five days.

1938    Nick Gravenites (born), American singer–songwriter and guitarist (Big Brother and the Holding Company)

1938    Rex Reed (born), American actor and critic

1941    World War II: In Operation Typhoon, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow.

1942    World War II: Ocean Liner RMS Queen Mary accidentally rams and sinks her own escort ship, HMS Curacoa, off the coast of Ireland.

1945    Don McLean (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist

1945    Martin Hellman (born), American cryptographer

1948    Donna Karan (born), American fashion designer, founded DKNY

1949    Annie Leibovitz (born) American photographer

1950    Mike Rutherford (born), English singer-songwriter and bass player (Genesis and Mike + The Mechanics)

1950    Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz is first published.

1951    Gordon “Sting” Sumner (born), English singer-songwriter, bass player, and actor (The Police)

1954    Lorraine Bracco (born), American actress and producer

1955    Philip Oakey (born), English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer (The Human League)

1955    William Orthwein (died), American swimmer and water polo player (born 1881)

1958    Guinea declares its independence from France.

1959    The anthology series The Twilight Zone premieres on CBS television.

1962    Boris Yakovlevich Bukreev (died), Russian mathematician (born 1859)

1967    Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of United States Supreme Court.

1968    Marcel Duchamp (died), French painter and sculptor (born 1887)

1968    A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City culminates in the Tlatelolco massacre by the order of the president, Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, to the soldiers of killing unarmed students, hiding the event from the public eye. The 1968 Summer Olympics hosted in Mexico City, started 10 days after the massacre.

197      Pope John Paul II denounces all forms of concentration camps and torture while speaking at the U.N. in New York City.

1970    Kelly Ripa (born), American actress, producer, and talk show host

1970    Patricia O’Callaghan (born), Canadian soprano

1970    A plane carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado killing 31 people.

1973    Melissa Harris-Perry (born), American journalist, author, and educator

1973    Paavo Nurmi (died), Finnish runner (born 1897)

1973    Paul Hartman (died), American actor, singer, and dancer (born 1904)

1974    Paul Teutul, Jr. (born), American motorcycle designer, co-founded Orange County Choppers

1980    Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War.

1985    Rock Hudson (died), American actor and singer (born 1925)

1987    Peter Medawar (died), Brazilian-English biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1915)

1988    Alec Issigonis (died), Greek-English car designer, designed the Mini (born 1906)

1994    Harriet Nelson (died), American actress and singer (born 1909)

1996    Andrey Lukanov (died), Bulgarian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (born 1938)

1996    The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.

1998    Gene Autry (died), American singer, guitarist, and actor (born 1907)

2001    NATO backs U.S. military strikes following 9/11.

2002    The Beltway sniper attacks begin, extending over three weeks.

2005    Nipsey Russell (died), American comedian and actor (born 1918)

2006    Five school girls are murdered by Charles Carl Roberts in a shooting at an Amish school in Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania before Roberts commits suicide.

2007    President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea walks across the Military Demarcation Line into North Korea on his way to the second Inter-Korean Summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il.

2012    J. Philippe Rushton (died), English-Canadian psychologist, theorist, academic (born 1943)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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