2 July

1363    Maria (born), Queen of Sicily (died 1401)

1489   Thomas Cranmer (born), English archbishop (died 1556)

1492    Elizabeth Tudor (born), English daughter of Henry VII of England (died 1495)

1504    Bogdan III the One-Eyed becomes Voivode of Moldavia.

1555    The Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis sacks the Italian city of Paola.

1566    Nostradamus (died), French astrologer and author (born 1503)

1591    Vincenzo Galilei (died), Italian lute player and composer (born 1520)

1613    The first English expedition from Massachusetts against Acadia led by Samuel Argall takes place.

1621    Thomas Harriot (died), English astronomer, mathematician, and ethnographer (born 1560)

1679    Europeans first visit Minnesota and see headwaters of Mississippi in an expedition led by Daniel Greysolon de Du Luth.

1698   Thomas Savery patents the first steam engine.

1714    Christoph Willibald Gluck (born), German composer (died 1787)

1746    Thomas Baker (died), English antiquarian (born 1656)

1750    Thomas Spence (born), English author (died 1814)

1776    The Continental Congress adopts a resolution severing ties with the Kingdom of Great Britain although the wording of the formal Declaration of Independence is not approved until July 4.

1777    Vermont becomes the first American territory to abolish slavery.

1778    Jean-Jacques Rousseau (died), Swiss philosopher and composer (born 1712)

1822   35 African American slaves are hanged in South Carolina, including Denmark Vesey, after being accused of organizing a slave rebellion.

1839   Twenty miles off the coast of Cuba, 53 rebelling African slaves led by Joseph Cinqué take over the slave ship Amistad.

1853    The Russian Army crossed the Pruth River into the Danubian Principalities, Moldavia and Wallachia—providing the spark that set off the Crimean War.

1855    Louis Maxson (born), American archer (died 1916)

1862   William Henry Bragg (born), English physicist, chemist, and mathematician Nobel Prize laureate (died 1942)

1865    Lily Braun (born), German author (died 1916)

1877    Hermann Hesse (born), German-Swiss author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1962)

1881    Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James Garfield, who eventually dies from an infection on September 19.

1890   The U.S. Congress passes the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

1893   Ralph Hancock (born), Welsh gardener and author (died 1950)

1897    Italian scientist Guglielmo Marconi obtains a patent for radio in London.

1900   The first Zeppelin flight takes place on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany.

1904   René Lacoste (born), French tennis player and businessman, created the polo shirt (died 1996)

1908   Thurgood Marshall (born), American jurist, 32nd United States Solicitor General (died 1993)

1914    Frederick Fennell (born), American conductor (died 2004)

1916    Louis Maxson (died), American archer (born 1855)

1917    The East St. Louis Riots end.

1922    Pierre Cardin (born), Italian-French fashion designer

1925    Medgar Evers (born), American activist (died 1963)

1929    Imelda Marcos (born), Filipino politician, 10th First Lady of the Philippines

1930   Ahmad Jamal (born), American pianist, composer, and educator

1932    Dave Thomas (born), American businessman and philanthropist, founded Wendy’s (died 2002)

1934    The Night of the Long Knives ends with the death of Ernst Röhm.

1937    Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan are last heard from over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first equatorial round-the-world flight.

1937    Richard Petty (born), American race car driver

1939    John H. Sununu (born), American politician, 14th White House Chief of Staff

1939    Paul Williams (born), American singer and choreographer (The Temptations) (died 1973)

1940   Kenneth Clarke (born), English politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain

1942    Vicente Fox (born), Mexican politician, 35th President of Mexico

1946    Richard Axel (born), American neuroscientist, Nobel Prize laureate

1947    Luci Baines Johnson (born), American daughter of Lyndon B. Johnson

1948   Gene McFadden (born), American singer-songwriter and producer (McFadden & Whitehead) (died 2006)

1949    Roy Bittan (born), American keyboard player and songwriter (E Street Band)

1952    Johnny Colla (born), American guitarist and songwriter (Huey Lewis and the News)

1953    Mark Hart (born), American guitarist and keyboard player (Crowded House and Supertramp)

1954    Pete Briquette (born), Irish bass player, songwriter, and producer (The Boomtown Rats)

1959    Mike Hallett (born), English snooker player

1961    Ernest Hemingway (died), American journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1899)

1962    The first Wal-Mart store opens for business in Rogers, Arkansas.

1963    Alicia Patterson (died), American publisher, co-founded Newsday (born 1906)

1964    Fireball Roberts (died), American race car driver (born 1929)

1964    U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 meant to prohibit segregation in public places.

1966    The French military explodes a nuclear test bomb codenamed Aldébaran in Mururoa, their first nuclear test in the Pacific.

1973    Betty Grable (died), American actress, singer, and dancer (born 1916)

1976    Fall of the Republic of Vietnam; Communist North Vietnam declares their union to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

1977    Vladimir Nabokov (died), Russian-Swiss author (born 1899)

1979    Sam Hornish, Jr. (born), American race car driver

1986   Rodrigo Rojas and Carmen Gloria Quintana were burnt alive during a street demonstration against the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile.

1991    Lee Remick (died), American actress (born 1935)

1997    James Stewart (died), American actor and singer (born 1908)

1999    Mario Puzo (died), American author and screenwriter (born 1920)

2000  Vicente Fox Quesada is elected the first President of México from an opposition party, the Partido Acción Nacional, after more than 70 years of continuous rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional.

2001   The AbioCor self-contained artificial heart is first implanted.

2002   Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon.

2007   Beverly Sills (died), American soprano (born 1929)

2010   The South Kivu tank truck explosion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo kills at least 230 people.

2013   A 6.1 magnitude earthquake strikes Aceh, Indonesia, killing at least 42 people and injuring 420 others.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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