19 July

64        Great Fire of Rome: a fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control. According to a popular, but untrue legend, Nero fiddled as the city burned.

1374    Petrarch (died), Italian poet and scholar (born 1304)

1543    Mary Boleyn (died), English daughter of Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (born 1499)

1545    The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.

1553    Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days on the throne.

1631    Cesare Cremonini (died), Italian philosopher (born 1550)

1670    Richard Leveridge (born), English singer-songwriter (died 1758)

1688   Giuseppe Castiglione (born), Italian missionary and painter (died 1766)

1692    Sarah Good (died), American woman accused of witchcraft (born 1653)

1692    Susannah Martin (died), American woman accused of witchcraft (born 1621)

1701    Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.

1742    William Somervile (died), English poet (born 1675)

1744    Heinrich Christian Boie (born), German author (died 1806)

1759    Marianna Auenbrugger (born), Austrian pianist and composer (died 1782)

1759    Seraphim of Sarov (born), Russian monk and saint (died 1833)

1789    John Martin (born), English painter (died 1854)

1814    Matthew Flinders (died), English navigator and cartographer (born 1774)

1814    Samuel Colt (born), American businessman, founded the Colt’s Manufacturing Company (died 1862)

1832   The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.

1834   Edgar Degas (born), French painter (died 1917)

1838   Pierre Louis Dulong (died), French physicist and chemist (born 1785)

1843   Brunel’s steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.

1848   Women’s rights: a two-day Women’s Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.

1849   Ferdinand Brunetière (born), French scholar and critic (died 1906)

1850   Margaret Fuller (died), American journalist and critic (born 1810)

1860   Lizzie Borden (born), American accused murderer (died 1927)

1863   American Civil War: Morgan’s Raid – At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan’s raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.

1865    Charles Horace Mayo (born), American surgeon, founded the Mayo Clinic (died 1939)

1865    Georges Friedel (born), French mineralogist and crystallographer (died1933)

1868   Florence Foster Jenkins (born), American soprano (died 1945)

1870   Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.

1878   Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev (died), Russian mathematician (born 1847)

1894   Aleksandr Khinchin, Russian mathematician (died 1959)

1898   Herbert Marcuse (born), German-American sociologist and philosopher (died 1979)

1900   The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.

1903   Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.

1920   Robert Mann (born), American violinist, composer, and conductor (Juilliard String Quartet)

1922    George McGovern (born), American lieutenant and politician (died 2012)

1932    Jan Lindblad (born), Swedish biologist and photographer (died 1987)

1937    George Hamilton IV (born), American singer and guitarist

1940   World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.

1941    Vikki Carr (born), American singer and actress

1946    Alan Gorrie (born), Scottish singer and bass player (Average White Band and Forever More)

1946    Ilie Năstase (born), Romanian tennis player

1946    Stephen Coonts (born), American author

1947    Bernie Leadon (born), American guitarist and songwriter (The Eagles, The Flying Burrito Brothers, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Run C&W, and Hearts & Flowers)

1947    Brian May (born), English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Queen and Smile)

1948   Keith Godchaux (born), American keyboard player and songwriter (Grateful Dead and Heart of Gold Band) (died 1980)

1952    Allen Collins (born), American guitarist and songwriter (Lynyrd Skynyrd, The Rossington-Collins Band, and Allen Collins Band) (died 1990)

1952    The 1952 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad, were opened in Helsinki, Finland.

1956    Mark Crispin (born), American computer scientist, designed the IMAP (died 2012)

1962    Anthony Edwards (born), American actor and director

1963    Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.

1965    Syngman Rhee (died), South Korean politician, 1st President of South Korea (born 1875)

1968   Robb Flynn (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Machine Head, Vio-lence, and Forbidden)

1971    Urs Bühler (born), Swiss tenor (Il Divo)

1975    Lefty Frizzell (died), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1928)

1979    The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.

1981    In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French Prime Minister François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing that the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.

1983   The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.

1997    The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.

2009   Henry Surtees (died), English race car driver (born 1991)

2010   Jon Cleary (died), Australian author (born 1917)

Follow me

EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
Follow me

Latest posts by EO Smith (see all)