19 February

1473      Nicolaus Copernicus (born), Polish mathematician and astronomer (died 1543)

1526      Charles de L’Ecluse (born), Flemish botanist (died 1609)

1553      Erasmus Reinhold (died), German astronomer and mathematician (born 1511)

1600      The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.

1605      Orazio Vecchi (died), Italian composer (born 1550)

1622      Henry Savile (died), English scholar and politician (born 1549)

1660      Friedrich Hoffmann (born), German physician and chemist (died 1742)

1674      England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England, and it is renamed New York.

1804      Baron Carl von Rokitansky (born), German physician (died 1878)

1807      Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason in Wakefield, Alabama and confined to Fort Stoddert in southern Alabama.

1819      British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands, and claims them in the name of King George III.

1837      Thomas Burgess (died), English bishop, author, and philosopher (born 1756)

1843      Adelina Patti (born), Spanish opera singer (died 1919)

1846      In Austin, Texas the newly formed Texas state government is officially installed. The Republic of Texas government officially transfers power to the State of Texas government following the annexation of Texas by the United States.

1847      The first group of rescuers reaches the Donner Party.

1859      Daniel E. Sickles, a New York Congressman, is acquitted of murder on grounds of temporary insanity. This is the first time this defense is successfully used in the United States.

1861      Serfdom is abolished in Russia.

1865      Sven Hedin (born), Swedish geographer and explorer (died 1952)

1877      Gabriele Münter (born), German painter (died 1962)

1878      Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.

1884      More than sixty tornadoes strike the Southern United States, one of the largest tornado outbreaks in U.S. history.

1893      Cedric Hardwicke (born), English actor (died 1964)

1915       World War I: The first naval attack on the Dardanelles begins when a strong Anglo-French task force bombards Ottoman artillery along the coast of Gallipoli.

1916       Eddie Arcaro (born), American jockey (died 1997)

1916       Ernst Mach (died), Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher (born 1838)

1917       Carson McCullers (born), American author (died 1967)

1924      Lee Marvin (born), American actor (died 1987)

1930      John Frankenheimer (born), American director and producer (died 2002)

1936      Billy Mitchell (died), American general (born 1879)

1936      Charles Harding Firth (died), English historian (born 1857)

1940      Smokey Robinson (born), American singer-songwriter and producer (The Miracles)

1942      World War II: nearly 250 Japanese warplanes attack the northern Australian city of Darwin killing 243 people.

1942      World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the executive order 9066, allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese-Americans to internment camps.

1943      Tim Hunt (born), English biochemist, Nobel laureate

1945      World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima               about 30,000 United States Marines land on the island of Iwo Jima.

1946      Karen Silkwood (born), American technician and activist (died 1974)

1948      Mark Andes (born), American singer-songwriter and bass player (Spirit, Firefall, Jo Jo Gunne, and Heart)

1948      Pim Fortuyn (born), Dutch sociologist and politician (died 2002)

1948      Tony Iommi (born), English guitarist and songwriter (Black Sabbath, Heaven & Hell, Velvett Fogg, and Mythology)

1949      Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University.

1951       Stephen Nichols (born), American actor

1952      Amy Tan (born), American author

1953      Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States.

1955      Jeff Daniels (born), American actor, singer, and playwright

1956      Roderick MacKinnon (born), American biologist, Nobel Prize laureate

1959      The United Kingdom grants Cyprus independence, which is then formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.

1961       Andy Wallace (born), English race car driver

1961       Benoît Chamoux (born), French mountaineer (died 1995)

1962      Georgios Papanikolaou (died), Greek-American pathologist, invented the Pap smear (born 1883)

1962      John Laroche (born), American horticulturalist

1963      The publication of Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique reawakens the Feminist Movement in the United States as women’s organizations and consciousness raising groups spread.

1965      Jon Fishman (born), American drummer (Phish, Pork Tornado, and Surrender to the Air)

1967      Benicio del Toro (born), Puerto Rican actor

1976      Executive Order 9066, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald R. Ford’s Proclamation 4417

1977      Andrew Ross Sorkin (born), American journalist and author

1980      Bon Scott (died), Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (AC/DC, The Valentines, The Spektors, and Fraternity) (born 1946)

1986      The Soviet Union launches its Mir spacecraft. Remaining in orbit for 15 years, it is occupied for 10 of those years.

1997      Deng Xiaoping (died), Chinese politician, 1st Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China (born 1904)

1997      Leo Rosten (died), Polish-American author and academic (born 1908)

2001      Stanley Kramer (died), American director and producer (born 1913)

2001      The Oklahoma City bombing museum is dedicated at the Oklahoma City National Memorial.

2002     NASA’s Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.

2006     A methane explosion in a coal mine near Nueva Rosita, Mexico, kills 65 miners.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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