1054 Pope Leo IX (died) (born 1002)
1529 Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: The Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism; a group of rulers (German:Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.
1560 Philipp Melanchthon (died), German theologian and reformer (born 1497)
1567 Michael Stifel (died), German monk and mathematician (born 1487)
1686 Vasily Tatishchev (born), Russian ethnographer and politician (died 1750)
1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa of Austria (not actually born until 1717).
1770 Captain James Cook sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.
1770 Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI in a proxy wedding.
1775 The American Revolutionary War begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord.
1782 John Adams secures the Dutch Republic’s recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague, Netherlands becomes the first American embassy.
1793 Ferdinand I of Austria (born) (died 1875)
1813 Benjamin Rush (died), American physician and educator (born 1745)
1824 Lord Byron (died), English-Scottish poet (born 1788)
1831 Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger (died), German astronomer and mathematician (born 1765)
1839 The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guaranteeing its neutrality.
1861 American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: a pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
1874 Ernst Rüdin (born), Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (died 1952)
1877 Ole Evinrude (born), Norwegian-American inventor, invented the outboard motor (died 1934)
1881 Benjamin Disraeli (died), English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1804)
1882 Charles Darwin (died), English biologist and theorist (born 1809)
1892 Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
1903 Eliot Ness (born), American lawman (died 1957)
1906 Pierre Curie (died), French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b.orn1859)
1906 Spencer Gore (died), English tennis player and cricketer (born 1850)
1914 Charles Sanders Peirce (died), American philosopher and mathematician (born 1839)
1919 Leslie Irvin of the United States makes the first successful voluntary free-fall parachute jump using a new kind of self-contained parachute.
1925 Hugh O’Brian (born), American actor
1927 Mae West is sentenced to 10 days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
1928 The 125th and final fascicle of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
1933 Jayne Mansfield (born), American model, actress, and singer (died 1967)
1935 Dudley Moore (born), English-American actor, screenwriter, and composer (died 2002)
1937 William Morton Wheeler (died), American entomologist (b. 1865)
1938 Stanley Fish (born), American academic and scholar
1940 Dougal Haston (born), Scottish mountaineer (died 1977)
1942 Alan Price (born), English keyboard player and songwriter (The Animals)
1942 Jack Roush (born), American businessman, founded Roush Fenway Racing
1949 Paloma Picasso (born), French-Spanish fashion designer
1951 General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military.
1956 Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.
1957 Tony Martin (born), English singer-songwriter (Black Sabbath, Giuntini Project, and Empire)
1960 Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against President Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.
1962 Al Unser, Jr. (born), American race car driver
1967 Konrad Adenauer (died), German politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany (born 1876)
1968 Ashley Judd (born), American actress
1969 Jesse James (born), American motorcycle builder, founded West Coast Choppers
1971 Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted life imprisonment) for conspiracy to commit the Tate/LaBianca murders.
1971 Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, DC.
1975 India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, is launched.
1979 Kate Hudson (born), American actress and singer
1985 FBI siege on the compound of The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (CSAL) in Arkansas.
1985 U.S.S.R performs nuclear tests at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk.
1987 The Simpsons premieres as a short cartoon on The Tracey Ullman Show.
1989 A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
1989 Daphne du Maurier (died), English author and playwright (born 1907)
1993 The 51-day siege of the Branch Davidian building outside Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Eighty-one people die.
1995 Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, is bombed, killing 168.
1999 The German Bundestag returns to Berlin, the first German parliamentary body to meet there since the Reichstag was dissolved in 1933.
2004 John Maynard Smith (died), English biologist (born 1920)
2011 Fidel Castro resigns from the Communist Party of Cuba’s central committee after 45 years of holding the title.
2012 Levon Helm (died), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (The Band) (born 1940)
2013 Boston Marathon bombings suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is captured while hiding in a boat inside a backyard in Watertown, Massachusetts.
EO Smith
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