17 March

45 BC     In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.

455         Petronius Maximus becomes, with support of the Roman Senate, emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

624         Led by Muhammad, the Muslims of Medina defeat the Quraysh of Mecca in the Battle of Badr.

1040      Harold Harefoot, English son of Cnut the Great (born 1015)

1231       Emperor Shijō (born) of Japan (died 1242)

1516       Giuliano de’ Medici (died), Duke of Nemours (born 1479)

1686       Jean-Baptiste Oudry (born), French painter and engraver (died 1755)

1741       Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (died),, French poet (born 1671)

1776       British forces evacuate Boston, Massachusetts, ending the Siege of Boston, after George Washington and Henry Knox place artillery in positions overlooking the city.

1780      American Revolution: George Washington grants the Continental Army a holiday “as an act of solidarity with the Irish in their fight for independence”.

1782       Daniel Bernoulli (died),, Dutch-Swiss mathematician and physicist (born 1700)

180         Marcus Aurelius (born 121) dies leaving Commodus the sole emperor of the Roman Empire.

1804      Jim Bridger (born), American explorer (died 1881)

1834       Gottlieb Daimler (born), German engineer and businessman, co-founded Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (died 1900)

1842       The Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is formed;

1846       Friedrich Bessel (died),, German mathematician and astronomer (born 1784)

1849       Charles F. Brush (born), American inventor, co-invented the Arc lamp (died 1929)

1853       Christian Doppler (died),, Austrian physicist and mathematician (born 1803)

1871       Robert Chambers (died),, Scottish geologist and publisher, co-founded Chambers Harrap (born 1802)

1877       Otto Gross (born), Austrian psychoanalyst (died 1920)

1881       Walter Rudolf Hess (born), Swiss physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1973)

1897       Jozef Mazur (born), American painter and sculptor (died 1970)

1902       Bobby Jones (born), American golfer (died 1971)

1915       Ray Ellington (born), English singer, drummer, and bandleader (died 1985)

1919       Nat King Cole (born), American singer, pianist, and television host (died 1965)

1930       James Irwin (born), American pilot and astronaut (died 1991)

1932       Donald N. Langenberg (born), American physicist and educator

1938       Rudolf Nureyev (born), Russian dancer and choreographer (died 1993)

1941       In Washington, D.C., the National Gallery of Art is officially opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

1941       Paul Kantner (born), American guitarist (Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, and KBC Band)

1942       John Wayne Gacy (born), American serial killer (died 1994)

1944       John Sebastian (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Lovin’ Spoonful, Even Dozen Jug Band, and The Mugwumps)

1945       The Ludendorff Bridge in Remagen, Germany, collapses, ten days after its capture.

1947       First flight of the B-45 Tornado strategic bomber.

1947       James Morrow (born), American author

1948       The Benelux, France, and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Brussels, a precursor to the North Atlantic Treaty establishing NATO.

1949       Patrick Duffy (born), American actor and director

1950       Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley announce the creation of element 98, which they name “Californium”.

1951       Kurt Russell (born), American actor

1955       Gary Sinise (born), American actor, director, and bass player (Lt. Dan Band)

1956       Fred Allen (died), American actor (born 1894)

1956       Irène Joliot-Curie (died),, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1897)

1956       Patrick McDonnell (born),, American author and illustrator

1960       U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the National Security Council directive on the anti-Cuban covert action program that will ultimately lead to the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

1964       Rob Lowe (born),, American actor and producer

1965       Amos Alonzo Stagg (died),, American football player and coach (born 1862)

1966       Off the coast of Spain in the Mediterranean, the DSV Alvin submarine finds a missing American hydrogen bomb.

1967       Billy Corgan (born),, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Smashing Pumpkins, Zwan, Spirits in the Sky, and Starchildren)

1968       As a result of nerve gas testing in Skull Valley, Utah, US, over 6,000 sheep are found dead.

1969       Golda Meir becomes the first female Prime Minister of Israel.

1970       My Lai Massacre: The United States Army charges 14 officers with suppressing information related to the incident.

1972       Mia Hamm (born),, American soccer player

1973       The Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph Burst of Joy is taken, depicting a former prisoner of war being reunited with his family.

1990       Ric Grech (born),, Ukrainian-English bass player (Family, Blind Faith, and Traffic) (born 1946)

1992       A referendum to end apartheid in South Africa is passed 68.7% to 31.2%.

1992       Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires: Suicide car bomb attack kills 29 and injures 242.

1993       Helen Hayes (died),, American actress (born 1900)

2004      Unrest in Kosovo: More than 22 are killed and 200 wounded. 35 Serbian Orthodox shrines in Kosovo and two mosques in Belgrade and Nišare destroyed.

2005      Andre Norton (died),, American author (born 1912)

2006      Bob Blue (died),, American songwriter and educator (born 1948)

2006      Oleg Cassini (died),, French-American fashion designer (born 1913)

2007      Jim Cronin (died),, English zoo keeper and activist, founded Monkey World (born 1951)

2007      John Backus (died),, American computer scientist, designed Fortran (born 1924)

2008      Governor of New York Eliot Spitzer resigns after a scandal involving a high-end prostitute. Lieutenant Governor David Paterson becomes New York State governor.

2011       Ferlin Husky (died),, American singer (born 1925)

2013       The largest meteorite (since NASA started observing the moon in 2005) hit the moon.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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