17 August

1473    Richard of Shrewsbury (born), 1st Duke of York (died 1483)

1498   Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI, becomes the first person in history to resign the cardinalate. On the same day, the French King Louis XII names him Duke of Valentinois.

1560    The Roman Catholic Church is overthrown and Protestantism is established as the national religion in Scotland.

1585    A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina.

1597    Islands Voyage: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Raleigh set sail on an expedition to the Azores.

1601    Pierre de Fermat (born), French lawyer and mathematician (died 1665)

1657    Robert Blake (died), English admiral (born 1599)

1673    Regnier de Graaf (died), Dutch physician and anatomist (born 1641)

1723    Joseph Bingham (died), English scholar (born 1668)

1753    Josef Dobrovský (born), Bohemian philologist and historian (died 1828)

1768    Louis Desaix (born), French general (died 1800)

1771     Edinburgh botanist James Robertson makes the first recorded ascent of Ben Nevis in Scotland

1786    Davy Crockett (born), American soldier and politician (died 1836)

1786    Frederick the Great (died), Prussian king (born 1712)

1807   Robert Fulton’s North River Steamboat leaves New York, New York, for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.

1862   American Civil War: Major General J.E.B. Stuart is assigned command of all the cavalry of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.

1862   American Indian Wars: The Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as Lakota warriors attack white settlements along the Minnesota River.

1863   American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.

1864   American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville – Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.

1875    Wilhelm Bleek (died), German linguist (born 1827)

1893   Mae West (born), American actress, singer, and screenwriter (died 1980)

1896   Bridget Driscoll is run over by a Benz car in the grounds of The Crystal Palace, London, the world’s first motoring fatality.

1907    Pike Place Market, a popular tourist destination and registered historic district in Seattle, Washington, opened.

1908   Fantasmagorie, the first animated cartoon, created by Émile Cohl, is shown in Paris, France.

1909   Larry Clinton (born), American trumpet player and bandleader (died 1985)

1914    Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. (born), American lawyer and politician (died 1988)

1915    Leo Frank is lynched for the alleged murder of a 13-year-old girl in Marietta, Georgia, United States.

1920   Maureen O’Hara (born), Irish-American actress and singer

1929    Francis Gary Powers (born), American pilot (died 1977)

1935    Charlotte Perkins Gilman (died), American sociologist and author (born 1860)

1943    Robert De Niro (born), American actor, director, and producer

1943    World War II: The Royal Air Force begins Operation Hydra, the first air raid of the Operation Crossbow strategic bombing campaign against Germany’s V-weapon program.

1943    World War II: The U.S. Seventh Army under General George S. Patton arrives in Messina, Italy, followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, thus completing the Allied conquest of Sicily.

1944    Larry Ellison (born), American businessman, co-founded the Oracle Corporation

1947    Gary Talley (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Box Tops)

1949    Sib Hashian (born), American drummer (Boston)

1952    Nelson Piquet (born), Brazilian race car driver

1953    First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous in Southern California.

1958    Belinda Carlisle (born), American singer-songwriter (The Go-Go’s)

1959    David Koresh (born), American cult leader (died 1993)

1959    Eric Schlosser (born), American journalist and author

1959    Kind of Blue by Miles Davis, the much acclaimed and highly influential best selling jazz recording of all time, is released.

1960   Sean Penn (born), American actor and director

1962    East German border guards kill Peter Fechter, 18, as he attempts to cross the Berlin Wall into West Berlin becoming one of the first victims of the wall.

1962    Gilby Clarke (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Guns N’ Roses, Rock Star Supernova, and Candy)

1965    Steve Gorman (born), American drummer (The Black Crowes and Trigger Hippy)

1969    Category 5 Hurricane Camille hits the U.S. Gulf Coast, killing 256 and causing $1.42 billion in damage.

1969    Donnie Wahlberg (born), American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (New Kids on the Block)

1969    Otto Stern (died), German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1888)

1973    Paul Williams (died), American singer and choreographer (The Temptations) (born 1939)

1977    The Soviet icebreaker Arktika becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.

1978    Double Eagle II becomes first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean when it lands in Miserey, France near Paris, 137 hours after leaving Presque Isle, Maine.

1979    Vivian Vance (died), American actress and singer (born 1909)

1980   Azaria Chamberlain disappears, at Ayers Rock, Northern Territory, probably taken by a dingo, leading to what was then the most publicized trial in Australian history.

1982   The first Compact Discs (CDs) are released to the public in Germany.

1983   Ira Gershwin (died), American songwriter (born 1896)

1987    Rudolf Hess (died), German politician (born 1894)

1988   Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. (died), American lawyer and politician (born 1914)

1990   Pearl Bailey (died), American actress and singer (born 1918)

1994    Luigi Chinetti (died), Italian-American race car driver (born 1901)

1998   Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an “improper physical relationship” with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. On the same day he admits before the nation that he “misled people” about the relationship.

2005   John Bahcall (died), American astrophysicist (born 1934)

2005   Over 500 bombs are set off by terrorists at 300 locations in 63 out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh

2005   The first forced evacuation of settlers, as part of Israel’s unilateral disengagement plan, starts.

2008  American swimmer Michael Phelps becomes the first person to win eight gold medals in one Olympic Games.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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