16 July

622     The beginning of the Islamic calendar.

1194    Clare of Assisi (born), Italian saint (died 1253)

1216    Pope Innocent III (died) (born 1160)

1377    Coronation of Richard II of England.

1546    Anne Askew (died), English poet (born 1520)

1557    Anne of Cleves (died) (born 1515)

1611     Cecilia Renata of Austria (born) (died 1644)

1661    Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville (born), Canadian captain, explorer and politician (died 1706)

1661    The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.

1714    Marc René (born), marquis de Montalembert, French engineer and author (died 1800)

1722    Joseph Wilton (born), English sculptor (died 1803)

1723    Joshua Reynolds (born), English painter (died 1792)

1747    Giuseppe Crespi (died), Italian painter (born 1665)

1769    Father Junípero Serra founds California’s first mission, Mission San Diego de Alcalá. Over the following decades, it evolves into the city of San Diego, California.

1770    Francis Cotes (died), English painter (born 1726)

1779    American Revolutionary War: light infantry of the Continental Army seize a fortified British Army position in a midnight bayonet attack at the Battle of Stony Point.

1782    First performance of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail (The Abduction from the Seraglio; also known as Il Seraglio).

1790    The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the United States after signature of the Residence Act.

1796    Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (born), French painter (died 1875)

1821    Mary Baker Eddy (born), American religious leader and author, founded Christian Science (died 1910)

1861    American Civil War: at the order of President Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25 mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle of the war.

1862   American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral, becoming the first officer in United States Navy to hold an admiral rank.

1872    Roald Amundsen (born), Norwegian explorer (died 1928)

1882   Mary Todd Lincoln (died), American wife of Abraham Lincoln, 19th First Lady of the United States (born 1818)

1883   Charles Sheeler (born), American photographer and painter (died 1965)

1896   Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer (born), German biologist and eugenicist (died 1969)

1902   Alexander Luria (born), Russian psychologist (died 1977)

1902   Mary Philbin (born), American actress (died 1993)

1903   Carmen Lombardo (born), Canadian singer-songwriter (died 1971)

1904   Goffredo Petrassi (born), Italian composer and conductor (died 2003)

1907    Barbara Stanwyck (born), American actress and singer (died 1990)

1907    Orville Redenbacher (born), American farmer and businessman, founded Orville Redenbacher’s (died 1995)

1910    John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia.

1911     Ginger Rogers (born), American actress, singer, and dancer (died 1995)

1915    First Order of the Arrow ceremony takes place and the Order of the Arrow is founded.

1916    Élie Metchnikoff (died), Russian microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1845)

1924    Bess Myerson (born), American model, Miss America 1945

1925    Cal Tjader (born), American vibraphone player and composer (died 1982)

1926    Irwin Rose (born), American biologist, Nobel Prize laureate

1931    Emperor Haile Selassie I signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.

1935    The world’s first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

1938   Tony Jackson (born), English singer and bass player (The Searchers) (died 2003)

1939    Corin Redgrave (born), English actor and activist (died 2010)

1941    Joe DiMaggio hits safely for the 56th consecutive game, a streak that still stands as a MLB record.

1945    Manhattan Project: the Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico.

1945    World War II: The heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis leaves San Francisco with parts for the atomic bomb “Little Boy” bound for Tinian Island.

1946    Richard LeParmentier (born), American-English actor (died 2013)

1948   The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by a subsidiary of the Cathay Pacific Airways, marks the first aircraft hijacking of a commercial plane.

1950    Dennis Priestley (born), English darts player

1951    The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is published for the first time by Little, Brown and Company.

1952    Stewart Copeland (born), American drummer (The Police, Animal Logic, Curved Air and Oysterhead)

1956    Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus closes its very last “Big Tent” show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, due to changing economics all subsequent circus shows will be held in arenas.

1960   John P. Marquand (died), American author (born 1893)

1960   USS George Washington a modified Skipjack class submarine successfully test fires the first ballistic missile while submerged.

1963    Phoebe Cates (born), American actress

1965    The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France and Italy opens.

1967    Will Ferrell (born), American actor, producer, and screenwriter

1968   Larry Sanger (born), American philosopher, co-founded Wikipedia and Citizendium

1969    Apollo program: Apollo 11, the first mission to land astronauts on the Moon, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Kennedy, Florida.

1971    Corey Feldman (born), American actor and singer

1973    Watergate scandal: former White House aide Alexander Butterfield informs the United States Senate that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.

1979    Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr resigns and is replaced by Saddam Hussein.

1981    Harry Chapin (died), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1942)

1990   The Parliament of the Ukrainian SSR declares state sovereignty over the territory of the Ukrainian SSR.

1994    Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 collides with Jupiter. Impacts continue until July 22.

1999    Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy (died), American publicist (born 1966)

1999    John F. Kennedy, Jr. (died), American lawyer and publisher, co-founded George Magazine (born 1960)

1999    John F. Kennedy, Jr., piloting a Piper Saratoga aircraft, dies when his plane crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard. His wife Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette are also killed.

2004   Millennium Park, considered Chicago, Illinois’s first and most ambitious early 21st-century architectural project, is opened to the public by Mayor Richard M. Daley.

2008  Sixteen infants in Gansu Province, China, who had been fed on tainted milk powder, are diagnosed with kidney stones; in total an estimated 300,000 infants are affected.

2012   Bob Babbitt (died), American bass player (The Funk Brothers) (born 1937)

2012   Jon Lord (died), English keyboard player and songwriter (Deep Purple, The Artwoods, The Flower Pot Men, and Paice Ashton Lord) (born 1941)

2012   Kitty Wells (died), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1919)

2012   Masaharu Matsushita (died), Japanese businessman (born 1913)

2013   At least 23 children die at a school in Bihar, India, after consuming food tainted with organophosphorus compounds.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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