15 June

763 BC Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.

991     Theophanu (died), Byzantine wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 960)

1215    King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta.

1330   Edward, the Black Prince (born), English son of Edward III of England (died 1376)

1381   John Cavendish (died), English judge (born 1346)

1502   Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Martinique on his fourth voyage.

1520   Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in papal bull Exsurge Domine.

1542   Richard Grenville (born), English captain and explorer (died 1591)

1560   William Sommers (died), English jester (born1525)

1580   Philip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.

1594   Nicolas Poussin (born), French painter (died 1665)

1640   Bernard Lamy (born), French mathematician and theologian (died 1715)

1648   Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

1667   The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.

1749   Georg Joseph Vogler (born), German organist, composer, and theorist (died 1814)

1752    Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).

1767    Rachel Jackson (born), American wife of Andrew Jackson (died 1828)

1775 –George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.

1776 –Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.

1785   Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, co-pilot of the first-ever manned flight (1783), and his companion, Pierre Romain, become the first-ever casualties of an air crash when their hot air balloon explodes during their attempt to cross the English Channel.

1804   New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.

1805   William B. Ogden (born), American politician, 1st Mayor of Chicago (died 1877)

1836   Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.

1844   Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.

1846   The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

1849   James K. Polk (died), American lawyer and politician, 11th President of the United States (born 1795)

1859   Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the “Northwestern Boundary Dispute” between United States and British/Canadian settlers.

1864   Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81 km2) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.

1867   Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode gold mine located in Montana.

1872   Thomas William Burgess (born), English swimmer (died 1950)

1877   Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.

1878   Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.

1888  Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.

1896   The deadliest tsunami in Japan’s history kills more than 22,000 people.

1902   Erik Erikson (born), German-American psychoanalyst (died 1994)

1904   A fire aboard the steamboat SS General Slocum in New York City’s East River kills 1,000.

1905   Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Gustaf, Crown Prince of Sweden.

1908   Sam Giancana (born), American mobster (died 1975)

1916    U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.

1917    Lash LaRue (born), American actor (died 1996)

1919    John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight when they reach Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.

1920   A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.

1921    Erroll Garner (born), American pianist and composer (died 1977)

1932   Mario Cuomo (born), American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York

1934   The U.S. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.

1937   A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.

1937   Waylon Jennings (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Highwaymen) (died 2002)

1940   World War II: Operation Ariel begins     Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany’s takeover of Paris and most of the nation.

1943   Muff Winwood (born), English bass player, songwriter, and producer (Spencer Davis Group)

1943   Xaviera Hollander (born), Dutch madam and author

1944   In the Saskatchewan general election, the CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, is elected and forms the first socialist government in North America.

1944   Robert D. Keppel (born), American police officer and detective

1944   World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invade Japanese-occupied Saipan.

1946   John Horner (born), American paleontologist

1946   Noddy Holder (born), English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Slade)

1949   Jim Varney (born), American actor (died 2000)

1949   Russell Hitchcock (born), Australian singer-songwriter (Air Supply)

1951    Steve Walsh (born), American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Kansas and Streets)

1954   Jim Belushi (born), American actor and singer

1954   UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) is formed in Basel, Switzerland.

1955    David Kennedy (born), American son of Robert F. Kennedy (died 1984)

1968   Wes Montgomery (died), American guitarist (Montgomery Brothers) (born 1925)

1970   Charles Manson trial for the Sharon Tate murders begin.

1973   Neil Patrick Harris (born), American actor, singer, and director

1978   King Hussein of Jordan marries American Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor.

1985   Rembrandt’s painting Danaë is attacked by a man (later judged insane) who throws sulfuric acid on the canvas and cuts it twice with a knife.

1991    Happy Chandler (died), American businessman and politician, 49th Governor of Kentucky (born 1898)

1993   James Hunt (died), English race car driver (born 1947)

1994   Israel and Vatican City establish full diplomatic relations.

1996   Ella Fitzgerald (died), American singer and actress (born 1917)

2012   Nik Wallenda becomes the first person to successfully tightrope walk over Niagara Falls.

2013   Dennis O’Rourke (died), Australian director and producer (born 1945)

2013   Paul Soros (died), Hungarian-American engineer and businessman (born 1926)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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