1099 First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.
1149 The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem.
1291 Rudolph I of Germany (died) (born 1218)
1353 Vladimir the Bold (born), Russian prince (died 1410)
1381 John Ball, a leader in the Peasants’ Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England.
1573 Inigo Jones (born), English architect, designed the Queen’s House (died 1652)
1606 Rembrandt (born), Dutch painter (died 1669)
1609 Annibale Carracci (died), Italian painter (born 1560)
1638 Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani (born), Italian violinist and composer (died 1693)
1655 Girolamo Rainaldi (died), Italian architect (born 1570)
1741 Aleksei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.
1765 Charles-André van Loo (died), French painter (born 1705)
1789 Jacques Duphly (died), French harpsichord player and composer (born 1715)
1796 Thomas Bulfinch (born), American banker and author (died 1867)
1799 The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign.
1806 Pike expedition: United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Bellefontaine near St. Louis, Missouri, to explore the west.
1815 Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders aboard HMS Bellerophon.
1823 A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, Italy.
1834 The Spanish Inquisition is officially disbanded after nearly 356 years of terror.
1838 Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, discounting Biblical miracles and declaring Jesus a great man, but not God. The Protestant community reacts with outrage.
1844 Claude Charles Fauriel (died), French philologist and historian (born 1772)
1848 Vilfredo Pareto (born), Italian economist and sociologist (died 1923)
1857 Carl Czerny (died), Austrian pianist and composer (born 1791)
1858 Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (died), Russian painter (born 1806)
1865 Wilhelm Wirtinger (born), Austrian mathematician (died 1945)
1867 Jean-Baptiste Charcot (born), French physician and explorer (died 1936)
1870 Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
1870 Rupert’s Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson’s Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.
1871 Tad Lincoln (died), American son of Abraham Lincoln (born 1853)
1885 Rosalía de Castro (died), Spanish author and poet (born 1837)
1904 Anton Chekhov (died), Russian physician and author (born 1860)
1904 Rudolf Arnheim (born), German-American psychologist and author (died 2007)
1909 Jean Hamburger (born), French physician and surgeon (died 1992)
1910 In his book Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin gives a name to Alzheimer’s disease, naming it after his colleague Alois Alzheimer.
1911 Edward Shackleton (born), Baron Shackleton, English geographer and politician (died 1994)
1916 In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).
1919 Hermann Emil Fischer (died), German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852)
1922 Japanese Communist Party is established in Japan.
1927 Carmen Zapata (born), American actress (died 2014)
1930 Jacques Derrida (born), French philosopher (died 2004)
1930 Leopold Auer (died), Hungarian violinist, composer, and conductor (born 1845)
1931 Clive Cussler (born), American author
1933 Julian Bream (born), English guitarist
1935 Alex Karras (born), American football player, wrestler, and actor (died 2012)
1935 Ken Kercheval (born), American actor
1938 Barry Goldwater, Jr. (born), American lawyer and politician, 65th Governor of Ohio
1940 Eugen Bleuler (died), Swiss psychiatrist (born 1857)
1940 Robert Wadlow (died), American giant (born 1918)
1944 Jan-Michael Vincent (born), American actor
1944 Marie-Victorin Kirouac (died), Canadian botanist (born 1885)
1946 Linda Ronstadt (born), American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (Stone Poneys and Free Creek)
1947 Lydia Davis (born), American author
1947 Peter Banks (born), English guitarist and songwriter (Yes, The Syn, and Flash) (died 2013)
1948 Artimus Pyle (born), American drummer and songwriter (Lynyrd Skynyrd)
1948 Dimosthenis Kourtovik (born), Greek anthropologist and critic
1948 John J. Pershing (died), American general (born 1860)
1949 Richard Russo (born), American author
1950 Arianna Huffington (born), Greek-American author and journalist, founded The Huffington Post
1951 Jesse Ventura (born), American wrestler, actor, and politician, 38th Governor of Minnesota
1952 Johnny Thunders (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (New York Dolls and The Heartbreakers) (died 1991)
1954 First flight of the Boeing 367-80, prototype for both the Boeing 707 and C-135 series.
1954 Jeff Jarvis (born), American journalist and blogger
1956 Joe Satriani (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Chickenfoot and The Greg Kihn Band)
1956 Marky Ramone (born), American drummer and songwriter (Ramones, Richard Hell and the Voidoids, and Misfits)
1958 Julia Lennon (died), English mother of John Lennon (born 1914)
1959 Ernest Bloch (died), Swiss-American composer (born 1880)
1959 The steel strike of 1959 begins, leading to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in United States history.
1961 Forest Whitaker (born), American actor, director, and producer
1962 Steve Brown (born), American darts player
1966 Jason Bonham (born), English singer-songwriter and drummer (Bonham, Damnocracy, and Black Country Communion)
1966 Vietnam War: The United States and South Vietnam begin Operation Hastings to push the North Vietnamese out of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone.
1972 Scott Foley (born), American actor
1975 Space Race: Apollo–Soyuz Test Project features the dual launch of an Apollo spacecraft and a Soyuz spacecraft on the first joint Soviet-United States human-crewed flight. It was both the last launch of an Apollo spacecraft, and the Saturn family of rockets.
1976 Paul Gallico (died), American journalist and author (born 1897)
1979 U.S. President Jimmy Carter gives his so-called malaise speech, where he characterizes the greatest threat to the country as “this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation” but in which he never uses the word malaise.
1982 Bill Justis (died), American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (born 1926)
1983 Orly Airport attack is launched by Armenian militant organisation ASALA at the Paris-Orly Airport in Paris; it leaves 8 people dead and 55 injured.
1990 Margaret Lockwood (died), English actress (born 1916)
1991 Bert Convy (died), American actor, singer, and game show host (born 1933)
1997 Gianni Versace (died), Italian fashion designer, founded Versace (born 1946)
1997 In Miami, Florida, serial killer Andrew Cunanan guns down Gianni Versace outside his home.
2002 “American Taliban” John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and to possession of explosives during the commission of a felony.
2002 Anti-Terrorism Court of Pakistan hands down the death sentence to British born Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and life terms to three others suspected of murdering The Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
2003 AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day
2006 Alireza Shapour Shahbazi (died), Iranian archaeologist (born 1942)
2006 Robert H. Brooks (died), American businessman, founded of Hooters and Naturally Fresh, Inc. (born 1937)
2006 Twitter is launched, becoming one of the largest social media platforms in the world.
EO Smith
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