13 May

1515    Mary Tudor, Queen of France and Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk are officially married at Greenwich.

1568   Battle of Langside: the forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.

1588   Ole Worm (born), Danish physician (died 1654)

1619    Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after being convicted of treason.

1655    Pope Innocent XIII (born) (died 1724)

1713    Alexis Clairaut (born), French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist (died 1765)

1753    Lazare Carnot (born), French general, mathematician, and politician (died 1823)

1780   The Cumberland Compact is signed by leaders of the settlers in early Tennessee.

1782   Daniel Solander (died), Swedish botanist (born 1736)

1787   Captain Arthur Phillip leaves Portsmouth, England, with eleven ships full of convicts (the “First Fleet”) to establish a penal colony in Australia.

1792   Pope Pius IX (born) (died 1878)

1795    Gérard Paul Deshayes (born), French geologist and conchologist (died 1875)

1832   Georges Cuvier (died), French zoologist (born 1769)

1835   John Nash (died), English architect, designed the Royal Pavilion (born 1752)

1846   The United States declares war on Mexico.

1861   American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a “proclamation of neutrality” which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.

1861   The Great Comet of 1861 is discovered by John Tebbutt of Windsor, New South Wales, Australia.

1862   The USS Planter, a steamer and gunship, steals through confederate lines and is passed to the Union, by a southern slave, Robert Smalls, who later was officially appointed as captain, becoming the first former slave to command a United States ship.

1864   American Civil War: Battle of Resaca – the battle begins with Union General Sherman fighting toward Atlanta, Georgia.

1865   American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch   in far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War ends with a Confederate victory.

1878   Joseph Henry (died), American scientist (born 1797)

1880  In Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison performs the first test of his electric railway.

1883   Georgios Papanikolaou (born), Greek-American pathologist, invented the pap smear (died 1962)

1884   Cyrus McCormick (died), American businessman, co-founded the International Harvester Company (born 1809)

1885   Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (died), German physician, pathologist, and anatomist (born 1809)

1888  With the passage of the Lei Áurea (“Golden Law”), Brazil abolishes slavery.

1895   Nandor Fodor (born), Hungarian-American psychologist, parapsychologist, and author (died 1964)

1907   Daphne du Maurier (born), English author and playwright (died 1989)

1909   The first Giro d’Italia starts from Milan. Italian cyclist Luigi Ganna will be the winner.

1912    The Royal Flying Corps (now the Royal Air Force) is established in the United Kingdom.

1914    Joe Louis (born), American boxer (died 1981)

1917    Three children report the first apparition of Our Lady of Fátima in Fátima, Portugal.

1920   Gareth Morris (born), English flute player (died 2007)

1922   Bea Arthur (born), American actress and singer (died 2009)

1923   Red Garland (born), American pianist (Miles Davis Quintet) (died1984)

1930   Fridtjof Nansen (died), Norwegian scientist, explorer, and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1861)

1931    Jim Jones (born), American cult leader, founded the Peoples Temple (died 1978)

1938   Charles Édouard Guillaume (died), Swiss-French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1861)

1939   Harvey Keitel (born), American actor and producer

1939   The first commercial FM radio station in the United States is launched in Bloomfield, Connecticut. The station later becomes WDRC-FM.

1940   Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands flees her country to Great Britain after the German invasion. Princess Juliana takes her children to Canada for their safety.

1940   World War II: Germany’s conquest of France begins as the German army crosses the Meuse. Winston Churchill makes his “blood, toil, tears, and sweat” speech to the House of Commons.

1941    Ritchie Valens (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1959)

1943   World War II: German Afrika Korps and Italian troops in North Africa surrender to Allied forces.

1945   Magic Dick (born), American harmonica player (The J. Geils Band)

1950   Danny Kirwan (born), English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Fleetwood Mac)

1950   Stevie Wonder (born), American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer

1950   The first round of the Formula One World Championship is held at Silverstone.

1951    The 400th anniversary of the founding of the National University of San Marcos is commemorated by the opening of the first large-capacity stadium in Peru.

1954   The original Broadway production of The Pajama Game opens and runs for another 1,063 performances. Later received three Tony Awards for Best Musical, Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical, and Best Choreography.

1956   Ravi Shankar (born), Indian spiritual leader, founded the Art of Living Foundation

1957    Michael Fekete (died), Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (born 1886)

1958   Ben Carlin becomes the first (and only) person to circumnavigate the world by amphibious vehicle, having travelled over 17,000 kilometers (11,000 mi) by sea and 62,000 kilometers (39,000 mi) by land during a ten-year journey

1958   During a visit to Caracas, Venezuela, Vice President Richard Nixon’s car is attacked by anti-American demonstrators.

1958   May 1958 crisis: a group of French military officers lead a coup in Algiers demanding that a government of national unity be formed with Charles de Gaulle at its head in order to defend French control of Algeria.

1958   The trade mark Velcro is registered.

1960   Hundreds of University of California, Berkeley students congregate for the first day of protest against a visit by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Thirty-one students are arrested, and the Free Speech Movement is born.

1961    Gary Cooper (died), American actor and singer (born 1901)

1964   Stephen Colbert (born), American comedian, actor, and talk show host

1966   Darius Rucker (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Hootie & the Blowfish)

1969   Buckethead (born), American guitarist and songwriter (Guns N’ Roses, Colonel Claypool’s Bucket of Bernie Brains, Praxis, and Deli Creeps)

1972   Dan Blocker (died), American actor (born 1928)

1977    Mickey Spillane (died), American mobster (born 1934)

1979   Mickey Madden (born), American bass player (Maroon 5)

1985   Police storm MOVE headquarters in Philadelphia to end a stand-off, killing 11 MOVE members and destroying the homes of 250 city residents.

1989   Large groups of students occupy Tiananmen Square and begin a hunger strike.

1992   Li Hongzhi gives the first public lecture on Falun Gong in Changchun, People’s Republic of China.

1994   Johnny Carson makes his last television appearance on Late Show with David Letterman.

1995   33-year-old British mother Alison Hargreaves became the first woman to conquer Everest without oxygen or the help of sherpas.

1998   India carries out two nuclear tests at Pokhran, following the three conducted on May 11. The United States and Japan impose economic sanctions on India.

1999   Gene Sarazen (died), American golfer (born 1902)

2005  Eddie Barclay (died), French record producer, founded Barclay Records (born 1921)

2012   Donald “Duck” Dunn (died), American bass player, songwriter, and producer (Booker T. & the M.G.’s, The Blues Brothers, and The Mar-Keys) (born 1941)

2013   Joyce Brothers (died), American psychologist, columnist, and actress (born 1927)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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