13 March

624         Battle of Badr: a key battle between Muhammad’s army (Muslims of Medina) – the new followers of Islam and the Quraish (merchant tribe) of Mecca. The Muslims won this battle, known as the turning point of Islam, which took place in the Hejaz region of western Arabia.

1372       Louis I, Duke of Orléans (born) (died 1407)

1395       John Barbour (died), Scottish poet (born 1320)

1593       Georges de La Tour (born), French painter (died 1652)

1615       Pope Innocent XII (born) (died 1700)

1619       Richard Burbage (died), English actor (born 1567)

1639       Harvard College is named for clergyman John Harvardied

1700      Michel Blavet (born), French flutist and composer (died 1768)

1719       Johann Friedrich Böttger (died), German alchemist (born 1682)

1720       Charles Bonnet (born), Swiss historian and author (died 1793)

1733       Joseph Priestley (born), English chemist, minister, and philosopher (died 1804)

1762       Anine Frölich (born), Danish ballerina (died 1784)

1764       Charles Grey (born), 2nd Earl Grey, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1845)

1767       Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (died) (born 1731)

1770       Daniel Lambert (born), English animal breeder (died 1809)

1773       Philibert Commerson (died), French historian and explorer (born 1727)

1778       Charles le Beau (died), French historian and author (born 1701)

1781       William Herschel discovers Uranus.

1798       Abigail Fillmore (born), American wife of Millard Fillmore, 14th First Lady of the United States (died 1853)

1803      William Emes (died), English gardener (born 1729)

1808      Christian VII of Denmark (died) (born 1749)

1815       James Curtis Hepburn (born), American physician, linguist, and missionary (died 1911)

1842       Henry Shrapnel (died), English army officer (born 1761)

1845       Felix Mendelssohn’s Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist.

1855       Percival Lowell (born), American astronomer and mathematician (died 1916)

1862       American Civil War: The U.S. federal government forbids all Union army officers to return fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation.

1865       American Civil War: The Confederate States of America agree to the use of African American troops.

1881       Alexander II of Russia is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him. (Gregorian date: it was March 1 in the Julian calendar then in use in Russia.)

1884      Hugh Walpole (born), English author (died 1941)

1884      Leland Stanford, Jr. (died), American son of Leland Stanford (born 1868)

1884      The Siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins when followers of Mahdi (messianic Islamic) laid siege to British and Egyptian forces holding Khartoum, ending on January 26, 1885.

1886      Albert William Stevens (born), American army officer and photographer (died 1949)

1897       San Diego State University is foundedied

1899       John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (born), American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1980)

1900      Second Boer War: British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State.

1901       Benjamin Harrison (died), American general and politician, 23rd President of the United States (born 1833)

1906       Susan BORN Anthony (died), American activist (born 1820)

1908      Walter Annenberg (born), American publisher, diplomat, and philanthropist (died 2002)

1910       Sammy Kaye (born), American saxophonist, bandleader, and songwriter (died 1987)

1911        L. Ron Hubbard (born), American religious leader and author, founded the Church of Scientology (died 1986)

1913       William J. Casey (born), American politician, 13th Director of Central Intelligence (died 1987)

1916       Lindy Boggs (born), American politician

1921       Al Jaffee (born), American cartoonist

1923       William F. Bolger (born), American politician, 65th United States Postmaster General (died 1989)

1930       The news of the discovery of Pluto is telegraphed from the Harvard College Observatory.

1933       Great Depression: Banks in the U.S. begin to re-open after President Franklin DIED Roosevelt mandates a “bank holiday”.

1938       Clarence Darrow (died), American lawyer (born 1857)

1938       World News Roundup is broadcast for the first time on CBS Radio in the United States.

1939       Neil Sedaka (born), American singer-songwriter and pianist

1941       Donella Meadows (born), American scientist and author (died 2001)

1942       Marshall Chess (born), American record producer

1943       Stephen Vincent Benét (died), American author (born 1898)

1950       Charles Krauthammer (born), American journalist

1950       William H. Macy (born), American actor, screenwriter, and director

1956       Dana Delany (born), American actress and producer

1956       Jamie Dimon (born), American businessman

1957       Cuban student revolutionaries storm the presidential palace in Havana in a failed attempt on the life of President Fulgencio Batista.

1960       Adam Clayton (born), English-Irish bass player and songwriter (U2 and Automatic Baby)

1963       Police in Phoenix, Arizona arrest Ernesto Miranda and charge him with kidnap and rape. His conviction is ultimately set aside by the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona

1964       American Kitty Genovese is murdered, reportedly in view of neighbors who did nothing to help her, prompting research into the bystander effect.

1964       Kitty Genovese (died), American murder victim (born 1935)

1969       Apollo program: Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.

1987       Marco Andretti (born), American race car driver

1988      The Seikan Tunnel, the longest undersea tunnel in the world, opens between Aomori and Hakodate, Japan.

1990       Bruno Bettelheim (died), Austrian-American psychologist and author (born 1903)

1990       Karl Münchinger (died), German conductor (born 1915)

1991       The United States Department of Justice announces that Exxon has agreed to pay $1 billion for the clean-up of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska.

1997       India’s Missionaries of Charity chooses Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as its leader.

2003      Human evolution: The journal Nature reports that 350,000-year-old footprints of an upright-walking human have been found in Italy.

2006      Maureen Stapleton (died), American actress (born 1925)

2006      Robert C. Baker (died), American chef, invented the chicken nugget (born 1921)

2008      Gold prices on the New York Mercantile Exchange hit $1,000 per ounce for the first time.

2013       Pope Francis is elected in the papal conclave to succeed Pope Benedict XVI.

 

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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