13 July

574     Pope John III (died)

939     Pope Leo VII (died)

1527    John Dee (born), English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (died 1609)

1579    Arthur Dee (born), English physician (died 1651)

1590    Pope Clement X (born) (died 1676)

1607    Wenceslaus Hollar (born), Czech-English etcher (died 1677)

1628   Robert Shirley (died), English adventurer (born 1581)

1705    Titus Oates (died), English conspirator, fabricated the Popish Plot (born 1649)

1762    James Bradley (died), English astronomer (born 1693)

1787    The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.

1793    Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.

1798    Alexandra Feodorovna (born), German-Russian wife of Nicholas I of Russia (died 1860)

1814   The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.

1821   Nathan Bedford Forrest (born), American general (died 1877)

1831   Arthur Böttcher (born), German pathologist and anatomist (died 1889)

1841   Otto Wagner (born), Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (died 1918)

1858   Stewart Culin (born), American ethnographer and author (died 1929)

1863   New York City draft riots: in New York, New York, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.

1864   John Jacob Astor IV (born), American colonel and businessman (died 1912)

1882   Johnny Ringo (died), American criminal (born 1850)

1889   Louise Mountbatten (born), German-Swedish wife of Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (died 1965)

1903   Kenneth Clark (born), English historian and author (died 1983)

1913   Dave Garroway (born), American journalist (died 1982)

1918   Alberto Ascari (born), Italian race car driver (died 1955)

1919   The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.

1922    Leslie Brooks (born), American actress and singer (died 2011)

1923    The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. It originally reads “Hollywoodland ” but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.

1924    Johnny Gilbert (born), American game show host and announcer

1942    Harrison Ford (born), American actor and producer

1942    Roger McGuinn (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Byrds and Chad Mitchell Trio)

1946    Alfred Stieglitz (died), American photographer (born 1864)

1946    Cheech Marin (born) American actor, singer, and screenwriter

1951    Arnold Schoenberg (died), Austrian composer (born 1874)

1963    Spud Webb (born), American basketball player

1973    Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the “Nixon tapes” to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.

1974    Jarno Trulli (born), Italian race car driver

1977    New York, New York, amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.

1977    Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ethiopian-Somali War.

1985    The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London, England, United Kingdom and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as well as other venues such as Sydney, Australia and Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union.

1993    Davey Allison (died), American race car driver (born 1961)

2003   French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Íngrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.

2004   Carlos Kleiber (died), German-Austrian conductor (born 1930)

2006   Red Buttons (died), American actor and singer (born 1919)

2007   Michael Reardon (died), American mountaineer (born 1965)

2010   George Steinbrenner (died), American businessman (born 1930)

2012   Richard D. Zanuck (died), American film producer (born 1934)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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