13 April

799    Paul the Deacon (died), Italian monk and historian (born 720)

1111      Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

1204    Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.

1506    Peter Faber (born), French theologian, co-founded the Society of Jesus (died 1546)

1519     Catherine de’ Medici (born), Italian-French wife of Henry II of France (died 1589)

1592    Bartolomeo Ammannati (died), Italian architect and sculptor (born 1511)

1598    Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots. (Edict repealed in1685.)

1613     Samuel Argall captures Native American princess Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia to ransom her for some English prisoners held by her father.

1641     Richard Montagu (died), English clergyman (born 1577)

1713     Pierre Jélyotte (born), French tenor (died 1797)

1732     Frederick North (born), Lord North, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1792)

1735     Isaac Low (born), American merchant and politician, founded the New York Chamber of Commerce (died 1791)

1742    George Frideric Handel’s oratorio Messiah makes its world-premiere in Dublin, Irelandied

1743    Thomas Jefferson (born), American politician, 3rd President of the United States (died 1826)

1747    Louis Philippe II (born), Duke of Orléans (died 1793)

1769    Thomas Lawrence (born), English painter (died 1830)

1771     Richard Trevithick (born), English engineer (died 1833)

1780    Alexander Mitchell (born), Irish engineer, invented the Screw-pile lighthouse (died 1868)

1794    Jean Pierre Flourens (born), French physiologist (died 1867)

1796    The first elephant ever seen in the United States arrives from India.

1802    Leopold Fitzinger (born), Austrian zoologist (died 1884)

1808    Antonio Meucci (born), Italian-American inventor (died 1889)

1826    Franz Danzi (died), German cellist, composer, and conductor (born 1763)

1828    Joseph Lightfoot (born), English bishop and theologian (died 1889)

1829    The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.

1849    Hungary becomes a republic.

1852    Frank Winfield Woolworth (born), American businessman, founded the F.W. Woolworth Company (died 1919)

1855    Henry De la Beche (died), English geologist (born 1796)

1860    James Ensor (born), Belgian painter (died 1949)

1861     American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.

1866    Butch Cassidy (born), American criminal (died 1908)

1870    The New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art is foundedied

1880    Robert Fortune (died), Scottish botanist (born 1813)

1882    Bruno Bauer (died), German historian and philosopher (born 1809)

1886    John Humphrey Noyes (died), American religious leader, founded the Oneida Community (born 1811)

1889    Herbert Yardley (born), American cryptologist (died 1958)

1900    Pierre Molinier (born), French painter and photographer (died 1976)

1901     Jacques Lacan (born), French psychoanalyst (died 1981)

1902    James C. Penney opens his first store in Kemmerer, Wyoming.

1902    Philippe de Rothschild (born), French race car driver (died 1988)

1906    Bud Freeman (born), American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (died 1991)

1906    Samuel Beckett (born), Irish-French author, playwright, and director, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1989)

1907    Harold Stassen (born), American academic and politician, 25th Governor of Minnesota (died 2001)

1909    Eudora Welty (born), American author (died 2001)

1916     Phyllis Fraser (born), American actress, journalist, and publisher, co-founded Beginner Books (died 2006)

1917     Robert Orville Anderson (born), American businessman, founded Atlantic Richfield Oil Co. (died 2007)

1919     Eugene V. Debs is imprisoned at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia, for speaking out against the draft during World War I.

1919     Madalyn Murray O’Hair (born), American activist, founded American Atheists (died 1995)

1922    Julius Nyerere (born), Tanzanian politician, 1st President of Tanzania (died 1999)

1923    Don Adam (born), American actor and director (died 2005)

1923    Stanley Tanger (born), American businessman and philanthropist, founded the Tanger Factory Outlet Centers (died 2010)

1931     Dan Gurney (born), American race car driver

1931     Jon Stone (born), American screenwriter and producer, co-created Sesame Street (died 1997)

1939    Paul Sorvino (born), American actor

1939    Seamus Heaney (born), Irish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)

1940    Lester Chambers (born), American singer-songwriter (The Chambers Brothers)

1940    Max Mosley (born), English race car driver and engineer, co-founded March Engineering

1943    Billy Kidd (born), American skier

1943    The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, DIEDC., on the 200th anniversary of Thomas Jefferson’s birth.

1944    Jack Casady (born), American bass player (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna, and Jefferson Starship)

1944    Susan Davis (born), American politician

1945    Lowell George (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Little Feat and Mothers of Invention) (died 1979)

1945    World War II: Soviet and Bulgarian forces capture Vienna, Austria.

1946    Al Green (born), American singer-songwriter, producer, and pastor

1949    Christopher Hitchens (born), English-American journalist and author (died 2011)

1950    Ron Perlman (born), American actor

1951     Max Weinberg (born), American drummer (E Street Band)

1951     Peabo Bryson (born), American singer-songwriter

1953    CIA director Allen Dulles launches the mind-control program MKULTRA.

1956    Possum Bourne (born), New Zealand race car driver (died 2003)

1957    Amy Goodman (born), American journalist and author

1958    American Van Cliburn wins the inaugural International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.

1960    The United States launches Transit 1-B, the world’s first satellite navigation system.

1962    Hillel Slovak (born), Israeli-American guitarist (Red Hot Chili Peppers and What Is This?) (died 1988)

1963    Garry Kasparov (born), Russian chess player

1964    At the Academy Awards, Sidney Poitier becomes the first African-American male to win the Best Actor award for the 1963 film Lilies of the Fieldied

1966    Marc Ford (born), American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (The Black Crowes and Burning Tree)

1970    An oxygen tank aboard Apollo 13 explodes, putting the crew in great danger and causing major damage to the spacecraft while en route to the Moon.

1974    Western Union (in cooperation with NASA and Hughes Aircraft) launches the United States’ first commercial geosynchronous communications satellite, Westar 1.

1976    The United States Treasury Department reintroduces the two-dollar bill as a Federal Reserve Note on Thomas Jefferson’s 233rd birthday as part of the United States Bicentennial celebration.

1984    Ralph Kirkpatrick (died), American harp player and musicologist (born 1911)

1987    Portugal and the People’s Republic of China sign an agreement in which Macau would be returned to China in 1999.

1992    The Great Chicago Floodied

1997    Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament.

2001    Robert Moon (died), American postal inspector, created the ZIP code (born 1917)

2012    Cecil Chaudhry (died), Pakistani pilot, academic, and activist (born 1941)

2013    Adolph Herseth (died), American trumpet player (born 1921)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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