12 September

490 BC  Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies, defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece.

1362    Pope Innocent VI (died) (born 1295)

1492    Lorenzo de’ Medici (born), Duke of Urbino (died 1519)

1494    Francis I of France (born), King of France (died 1547)

1500   Albert III (died), Duke of Saxony (born 1443)

1605    William Dugdale (born), English antiquarian (died 1686)

1609   Henry Hudson begins his exploration of the Hudson River while aboard the Halve Maen.

1612    Vasili IV of Russia (died) (born 1552)

1712    Jan van der Heyden (died), Dutch painter (born 1637)

1740    Johann Heinrich Jung (born), German author (died 1817)

1764    Jean-Philippe Rameau (died), French composer and theorist (born 1683)

1768    Benjamin Carr (born), English-American singer-songwriter, educator, and publisher (died 1831)

1812    Richard March Hoe (born), American engineer and businessman, invented the Rotary printing press (died 1886)

1814    Battle of North Point: an American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.

1818    Richard Jordan Gatling (born), American inventor, invented the Gatling gun (died 1903)

1846   Elizabeth Barrett elopes with Robert Browning.

1847    Mexican–American War: the Battle of Chapultepec begins.

1848   Switzerland becomes a Federal state.

1857    Manuel Espinosa Batista (born), Colombian pharmacist and politician (died 1919)

1857    The SS Central America sinks about 160 miles east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain William Lewis Herndon. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the California Gold Rush.

1869   Peter Mark Roget (died), English physician, theologian, and lexicographer (born 1779)

1870   Fitz Hugh Ludlow (died), American journalist, explorer, and author (born 1836)

1880   H. L. Mencken (born), American journalist and author (died 1956)

1885   Heinrich Hoffmann (born), German photographer (died 1957)

1888   Maurice Chevalier (born), French actor, singer, and dancer (died 1972)

1890   Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded.

1892   Alfred A. Knopf, Sr. (born), American publisher, founded Alfred A. Knopf Inc. (died 1984)

1897    Irène Joliot-Curie (born), French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1956)

1910    Premiere performance of Gustav Mahler’s Symphony No. 8 in Munich (with a chorus of 852 singers and an orchestra of 171 players. Mahler’s rehearsal assistant conductor was Bruno Walter)

1913    Eiji Toyoda (born), Japanese businessman (died 2013)

1913    Jesse Owens (born), American sprinter (died 1980)

1916    Tony Bettenhausen (born), American race car driver (died 1961)

1922    Mark Rosenzweig (born), American psychologist (died 2009)

1927    Sarah Frances Whiting (died), American physicist and astronomer (born 1847)

1933    Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.

1939    Henry Waxman (born), American lawyer and politician

1940   Cave paintings are discovered in Lascaux, France.

1940   Linda Gray (born), American actress, director, and producer

1942    World War II: First day of the Battle of Edson’s Ridge during the Guadalcanal Campaign. U.S. Marines protecting Henderson Field on Guadalcanal are attacked by Imperial Japanese Army forces.

1942    World War II: RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks with a heavy loss of life.

1943    Maria Muldaur (born), American singer

1943    World War II: Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy, is rescued from house arrest on the Gran Sasso in Abruzzi, by German commando forces led by Otto Skorzeny.

1944    Barry White (born), American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2003)

1944    Colin Young (born), Barbadian-English singer (The Foundations)

1946    Tony Bellamy (born), Mexican-American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Redbone) (died 2009)

1949    Irina Rodnina (born), Russian figure skater

1951    Ali-Ollie Woodson (born), American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and actor (The Temptations) (died 2010)

1952    Gerry Beckley (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (America)

1952    Neil Peart (born), Canadian drummer, songwriter, and producer (Rush)

1952    Strange occurrences, including a monster sighting, take place in Flatwoods, West Virginia.

1953    U.S. Senator and future President John Fitzgerald Kennedy marries Jacqueline Lee Bouvier at St. Mary’s Church in Newport, Rhode Island.

1956    Brian Robertson (born), Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (Thin Lizzy, Motörhead, and Wild Horses)

1958    Jack Kilby demonstrates the first integrated circuit.

1959    Premiere of Bonanza, the first regularly scheduled TV program presented in color.

1959    The Soviet Union launches a large rocket, Lunik II, at the moon.

1964    Canyonlands National Park is designated as a National Park.

1966    Gemini 11, the penultimate mission of NASA’s Gemini program, and the current human altitude record holder (except for the Apollo lunar missions)

1967    Jason Statham (born), English actor and martial artist

1967    Louis C.K. (born), Mexican-American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter

1968   Tommy Armour (died), Scottish-American golfer (born 1894)

1970    Palestinian terrorists blow up three hijacked airliners in Jordan, continuing to hold the passengers hostage in various undisclosed locations in Amman.

1974    Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, ‘Messiah’ of the Rastafari movement, is deposed following a military coup by the Derg, ending a reign of 58 years.

1974    Jennifer Nettles (born), American singer-songwriter (Sugarland)

1977    South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko dies in police custody.

1983   A Wells Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States, is robbed of approximately US$7 million by Los Macheteros.

1983   The USSR vetoes a United Nations Security Council Resolution deploring the Soviet shooting down of a Korean civilian jetliner on September 1.

1992    Anthony Perkins (died), American actor, singer, and director (born 1932)

1992    NASA launches Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-47 which marked the 50th shuttle mission. On board are Mae Carol Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, Mamoru Mohri, the first Japanese citizen to fly in a US spaceship, and Mark Lee and Jan Davis, the first married couple in space.

1993    Raymond Burr (died), Canadian-American actor and director (born 1917)

1993    Willie Mosconi (died), American pool player (born 1913)

1994    Frank Eugene Corder crashes a single-engine Cessna 150 into the White House’s south lawn, striking the West wing and killing himself.

1994    Tom Ewell (died), American actor and singer (born 1909)

2003   Iraq War: In Fallujah, U.S. forces mistakenly shoot and kill eight Iraqi police officers.

2003   Johnny Cash (died), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (The Tennessee Three and The Highwaymen) (born 1932)

2003   The United Nations lifts sanctions against Libya after that country agreed to accept responsibility and recompense the families of victims in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.

2005   Hong Kong Disneyland opens in Penny’s Bay, Lantau Island, Hong Kong.

2007   Former Philippine President Joseph Estrada is convicted of the crime of plunder.

2009   Jack Kramer (died), American tennis player (born 1921)

2011    The 9/11 Memorial Museum in New York City opens to the public.

2012   Sid Watkins (died), English surgeon (born 1928)

2012   Tom Sims (died), American skateboarder and snowboarder, founded Sims Snowboards (born 1950)

2013   Candace Pert (died), American neuroscientist and pharmacologist (born 1946)

2013   Ray Dolby (died), American engineer and businessman, founded Dolby Laboratories (born 1933)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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