12 August

30 BC Cleopatra VII Philopator (born 69 BC), the last ruler of the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty, commits suicide, allegedly by means of an asp bite.

1480   Battle of Otranto: Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam; they are later honored in the Church.

1484   Pope Sixtus IV (died) (born 1414)

1577    Thomas Smith (died), English diplomat and scholar (born 1513)

1624    The president of Louis XIII of France’s royal council is arrested, leaving Cardinal Richelieu in the role of the King’s principal minister.

1647    Johann Heinrich Acker (born), German pastor and educator (died 1719)

1674    Philippe de Champaigne (died), French painter (born 1602)

1689   Pope Innocent XI (died) (born 1611)

1762    George IV (born), King of the United Kingdom and of Hanover (died 1830)

1773    Karl Faber (born), Prussian historian (died 1853)

1779    The Royal Navy defeats the Penobscot Expedition with the most significant loss of United States naval forces prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor.

1793    The Rhône and Loire départments are created when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire is split into two.

1810    Étienne Louis Geoffroy (died), French pharmacist and entomologist (born 1725)

1827    William Blake (died), English poet and painter (born 1757)

1848   George Stephenson (died), English engineer (born 1781)

1851    Isaac Singer is granted a patent for his sewing machine.

1856    Diamond Jim Brady (born), American businessman and philanthropist (died 1917)

1861    Eliphalet Remington (died), American inventor and businessman, founded Remington Arms (born 1793)

1865    William Jackson Hooker (died), English botanist (born 1785)

1867    Edith Hamilton (born), German-American author and educator (died 1963)

1872    Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (born) (died 1956)

1877    Asaph Hall discovers the Mars moon Deimos.

1881    Cecil B. DeMille (born), American director and producer (died 1959)

1883   The last quagga dies at the Artis Magistra zoo in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

1886   Keith Murdoch (born), Australian journalist (died 1952)

1887   Erwin Schrödinger (born), Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1961)

1891    James Russell Lowell (died), American poet and critic (born 1819)

1898   The Hawaiian flag is lowered from ʻIolani Palace in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the flag of the United States to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Hawaii to the United States.

1900   Wilhelm Steinitz (died), Austrian chess player (born 1836)

1901    Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (died), Finnish-Swedish botanist, geologist, mineralogist, and explorer (born 1832)

1910    Jane Wyatt (born), American actress and singer (died 2006)

1911     Cantinflas (born), Mexican actor, screenwriter, and producer (died 1993)

1914    World War I: the United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary; the countries of the British Empire follow suit.

1918    William Thompson (died), American archer (born 1848)

1925    Dale Bumpers (born), American politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas

1925    George Wetherill (born), American physicist (died 2006)

1925    Norris McWhirter (born), Scottish publisher and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records (died 2004)

1925    Ross McWhirter (born), Scottish publisher and activist, co-founded the Guinness World Records (died 1975)

1927    Porter Wagoner (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2007)

1929    Buck Owens (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Buckaroos) (died 2006)

1930   George Soros (born), Hungarian-American businessman and philanthropist, founded the Soros Fund Management

1931    William Goldman (born), American author, playwright, and screenwriter

1933    Parnelli Jones (born), American race car driver

1935    Friedrich Schottky (died), German mathematician (born 1851)

1939    George Hamilton (born), American actor and producer

1939    Skip Caray (born), American sportscaster (died 2008)

1943    Vittorio Sella (died), Italian photographer and mountaineer (born 1859)

1944    Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (died), American pilot (born 1915)

1949    Mark Knopfler (born), Scottish-English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Dire Straits and The Notting Hillbillies)

1949    Rick Ridgeway (born), American mountaineer

1953    Nuclear weapons testing: the Soviet atomic bomb project continues with the detonation of Joe 4, the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon.

1954    Pat Metheny (born), American guitarist and songwriter (Pat Metheny Group)

1955    James B. Sumner (died), American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1887)

1955    Thomas Mann (died), German author and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1875)

1958    Art Kane photographs 57 notable jazz musicians in the black and white group portrait “A Great Day in Harlem” in front of a Brownstone in New York City.

1960   Echo 1A, NASA’s first successful communications satellite, is launched.

1961    Roy Hay (born), English guitarist, keyboard player, and composer (Culture Club)

1964    Charlie Wilson, one of the Great Train Robbers, escapes from Winson Green Prison in Birmingham, England, United Kingdom.

1964    Ian Fleming (died), English spy, journalist, and author (born 1908)

1964    South Africa is banned from the Olympic Games due to the country’s racist policies.

1967    Andrey Plotnikov (born), Russian race walker

1967    Esther Forbes (died), American historian and author (born 1891)

1971    Pete Sampras (born), American tennis player

1973    Karl Ziegler (died), German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1898)

1973    Muqtada al-Sadr (born), Iraqi politician

1973    Richard Reid (born), English terrorist, attempted the 2001 shoe bomb plot

1973    Walter Rudolf Hess (died), Swiss physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1881)

1977    The first free flight of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.

1979    Ernst Boris Chain (died), German biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1906)

1981    The IBM Personal Computer is released.

1982   Henry Fonda (died), American actor, singer, and producer (born 1905)

1982   Mexico announces it is unable to pay its enormous external debt, marking the beginning of a debt crisis that spreads to all of Latin America and the Third World.

1985    Manfred Winkelhock (died), German race car driver (born 1951)

1989   William Shockley (died), American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910)

1990   B. Kliban (died), American cartoonist (born 1935)

1990   Sue, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton found to date, was discovered by Sue Hendrickson in South Dakota.

1992    Canada, Mexico and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

1992    John Cage (died), American composer (born 1912)

1993    Pope John Paul II starts his 8th annual World Youth Day in Denver’s Mile High Stadium.

1994    Major League Baseball players go on strike. This will force the cancellation of the 1994 World Series.

1996    Mark Gruenwald (died), American author and illustrator (born 1953)

2000  Loretta Young (died), American actress and singer (born 1913)

2000  The Oscar class submarine K-141 Kursk of the Russian Navy explodes and sinks in the Barents Sea during a military exercise.

2004   Peter Woodthorpe (died), English actor (born 1931)

2007   Merv Griffin (died), American actor, singer, and producer, created Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune (born 1925)

2010   André Kim (died), South Korean fashion designer (born 1935)

2010   Richie Hayward (died), American drummer and songwriter (Little Feat and Fraternity of Man) (born 1946)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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