9 January

1324      Marco Polo (died), Italian merchant and explorer (born 1254)

1349      The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.

1431       Judges’ investigations for the trial of Joan of Arc begin in Rouen, France, the seat of the English occupation government.

1622      Empress Meishō of Japan (born) (died 1696)

1685      Tiberius Hemsterhuis (born), Dutch philologist (died 1766)

1728      Thomas Warton (born), English poet (died 1790)

1757      Louis Bertrand Castel (died), French mathematician (born 1688)

1768      In London, England, Great Britain, Philip Astley stages the first modern circus.

1793      Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.

1799      British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain’s war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.

1806      Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives a state funeral and is interred in St Paul’s Cathedral.

1811       Gilbert Abbott à Beckett (born), English journalist and author (died 1856)

1816      Sir Humphry Davy tests his safety lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.

1839      The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.

1857      The Fort Tejon earthquake strikes California, registering an estimated magnitude of 7.9.

1858      Anson Jones (died), American politician, 4th President of the Republic of Texas (born 1798)

1858      Anson Jones, the last President of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide.

1859      Carrie Chapman Catt (born), American activist, founded the League of Women Voters and International Alliance of Women (died 1947)

1861      American Civil War: The “Star of the West” incident occurs near Charleston, South Carolina. It is considered by some historians to be the “First Shots of the American Civil War”.

1861      Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.

1863      American Civil War: the Battle of Fort Hindman begins in Arkansas.

1870      Joseph Strauss (born), American engineer, co-designed the Golden Gate Bridge (died 1938)

1875      Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (born), American sculptor and art collector, founded the Whitney Museum of American Art (died 1942)

1876      Samuel Gridley Howe (died), American physician and activist (born 1801)

1879      John Broadus Watson (born), American psychologist (died 1958)

1880     The Great Gale of 1880 devastates parts of Oregon and Washington with high winds and heavy snow.

1881      Edouard Beaupré (born), Canadian giant and strongman (died 1904)

1886      Lloyd Loar (born), American sound engineer and instrument designer (died 1943)

1894      New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.

1895      Aaron Lufkin Dennison (died), American businessman (born 1812)

1900      Richard Halliburton (born), American adventurer and author (died 1939)

1908      Simone de Beauvoir (born), French author (died 1986)

1909      Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, plants the British flag 97 nautical miles (180 km; 112 mi) from the South Pole, the furthest anyone had ever reached at that time.

1911       Gypsy Rose Lee (born), American dancer, actress, and author (died 1970)

1913       Richard Nixon (born), American politician, 37th President of the United States (died 1994)

1914       Kenny Clarke (born), American drummer and composer (Modern Jazz Quartet) (died 1985)

1915       Fernando Lamas (born), Argentine actor (died 1982)

1916       World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.

1917       World War I: the Battle of Rafa is fought near the Egyptian border with Palestine.

1918      Battle of Bear Valley: The last battle of the American Indian Wars.

1918      Charles-Émile Reynaud, French scientist and educator, invented the Praxinoscope (born 1844)

1925      Lee Van Cleef (born), American actor (died 1989)

1928      Judith Krantz (born), American author

1934      Bart Starr (born), American football player and coach

1936      Anne Rivers Siddons (born), American author

1938      Stuart Woods (born), American author

1939      Johann Strauss III (died), Austrian conductor (born 1866)

1941       Joan Baez (born), American singer-songwriter and activist

1941       World War II: First flight of the Avro Lancaster.

1941       World War II: The Greek Triton (Y-5) sinks the Italian submarine Neghelli in Otranto.

1944      Jimmy Page (born), English guitarist, songwriter, and producer (The Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin, The Honeydrippers, The Firm, and XYZ)

1945      World War II: The United States invades Luzon in the Philippines.

1947      Elizabeth “Betty” Short, the Black Dahlia, is last seen alive.

1951       Crystal Gayle (born), American singer-songwriter and producer

1959      Mark Martin (born), American race car driver

1960      President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser opens construction on the Aswan Dam by detonating ten tons of dynamite to demolish twenty tons of granite on the east bank of the Nile.

1967      Dave Matthews (born), South African-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Dave Matthews Band and Dave Matthews & Friends)

1981      Cozy Cole (died), American drummer (born 1909)

1982      Catherine (born), Duchess of Cambridge

1991       Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.

1992      The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaims the creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia.

1996      First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar in the neighboring Dagestan, which turns into a massive hostage crisis involving thousands of civilians.

2005     Mahmoud Abbas wins the election to replace Yasser Arafat as President of the Palestinian National Authority. He replaces interim presidentRawhi Fattouh.

2005     The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War.

2013       A SeaStreak ferry travelling to lower Manhattan, New York City, crashes into the dock, injuring 85 people.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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