27 October

312                   Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.

1275     Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.

1327     Elizabeth de Burgh (died), Scottish wife of Robert I of Scotland (born 1289)

1449    Ulugh Beg (died), Persian astronomer, mathematician, and sultan (born 1394)

1485    Rodolphus Agricola (died), Dutch philosopher, poet, and educator (born 1443)

1505    Ivan III of Russia (died) (born 1440)

1553     Michael Servetus (died), Spanish physician and theologian (born 1511)

1561     Lope de Aguirre (died), Spanish explorer (born 1510)

1666    Robert Hubert (died), French watchmaker (born 1640)

1682    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded.

1703    Johann Gottlieb Graun (born), German violinist and composer (died 1771)

1744    Mary Moser (born), English painter (died 1819)

1782    Niccolò Paganini (born), Italian violinist and composer (died 1840)

1795    The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, which establishes the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S.

1806    Juan Seguín (born), American colonel and politician (died 1890)

1806    The French Army enters Berlin, following the Battle of Jena.

1810     United States annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida.

1811     Isaac Singer (born), American businessman, founded the Singer Corporation (died 1875)

1827    Bellini’s third opera Il Pirata is premiered at Teatro alla Scala di Milano

1838    Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be exterminated.

1854    William Alexander Smith (born), Scottish religious leader, founded the Boys’ Brigade (died 1914)

1858    Theodore Roosevelt (born), American colonel and politician, 26th President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1919)

1872    Emily Post (born), American author, founded The Emily Post Institute (died 1960)

1896    Edith Haisman (born), South African-English survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic (died 1997)

1904    The first underground New York City Subway line opens; the system becomes the biggest in United States, and one of the biggest in world.

1908    Lee Krasner (born), American painter (died 1984)

1910     Jack Carson (born), Canadian-American actor and singer (died 1963)

1911     Leif Erickson (born), American actor and singer (died 1986)

1913     Joe Medicine Crow (born), American anthropologist, historian, and author

1914     Dylan Thomas (born), Welsh poet and playwright (died 1953)

1914     World War I: The British super-dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious (23,400 tons), is sunk off Tory Island, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.

1918     Teresa Wright (born), American actress and singer (died 2005)

1920    K. R. Narayanan (born), Indian politician, 10th President of India (died 2005)

1920    Nanette Fabray (born), American actress, singer, and dancer

1921     Warren Allen Smith (born), American journalist, author, and activist

1922    A referendum in Rhodesia rejects the country’s annexation to the South African Union.

1922    Michel Galabru (born), Moroccian-French actor

1923    Roy Lichtenstein (born), American painter and sculptor (died 1997)

1924    Ruby Dee (born), American actress, singer, playwright, and poet

1924    The Uzbek SSR is founded in the Soviet Union.

1925    Jane Connell (born), American actress and singer (died 2013)

1925    Warren Christopher (born), American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 63rd United States Secretary of State (died 2011)

1926    H. R. Haldeman (born), American diplomat, 4th White House Chief of Staff (died 1993)

1927    Squizzy Taylor (died), Australian gangster (born 1888)

1933    Floyd Cramer (born), American pianist (died 1997)

1936    Mrs Wallis Simpson files for divorce which would eventually allow her to marry King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, thus forcing his abdication from the throne.

1936    Neil Sheehan (born), American journalist and author

1937    Lara Parker (born), American actress

1939    John Cleese (born), English actor, producer, and screenwriter

1940    John Gotti (born), American mobster (died 2002)

1942    Lee Greenwood (born), American singer-songwriter

1945    Dick Dodd (born), American drummer and actor (The Bel-Airs, The Standells, and Eddie & the Showmen) (died 2013)

1949    Garry Tallent (born), American bass player and producer (E Street Band)

1950    Fran Lebowitz (born), American author

1951     K. K. Downing (born), English guitarist and songwriter (Judas Priest)

1953    British nuclear test Totem 2 is carried out at Emu Field, South Australia.

1954    Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.

1957    Jeff East (born), American actor

1958    Iskander Mirza, the first President of Pakistan, is deposed in a bloodless coup d’état by General Ayub Khan, who had been appointed the enforcer of martial law by Mirza 20 days earlier.

1958    Simon Le Bon (born), English singer-songwriter (Duran Duran and Arcadia)

1961     NASA tests the first Saturn I rocket in Mission Saturn-Apollo 1.

1962    Major Rudolf Anderson of the United States Air Force becomes the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis when his U-2 reconnaissance airplane is shot down in Cuba by a Soviet-supplied SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile.

1963    Marla Maples (born), American model and actress

1964    Ronald Reagan delivers a speech on behalf of Republican candidate for president, Barry Goldwater. The speech launched his political career and came to be known as “A Time for Choosing”.

1966    Matt Drudge (born), American blogger, founded the Drudge Report

1967    Catholic priest Philip Berrigan and others of the Baltimore Four protest the Vietnam War by pouring blood on Selective Service records.

1967    Scott Weiland (born), American singer-songwriter (Stone Temple Pilots, Velvet Revolver, The Wondergirls, and Camp Freddy)

1971     The Democratic Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire.

1973    The Cañon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite type meteorite, strikes in Fremont County, Colorado.

1975    Rex Stout (died), American author (born 1886)

1976    Deryck Cooke (died), English historian and author (born 1919)

1979    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains its independence from the United Kingdom.

1981     The Soviet submarine U 137 runs aground on the east coast of Sweden.

1986    The British government suddenly deregulates financial markets, leading to a total restructuring of the way in which they operate in the country, in an event now referred to as the Big Bang.

1988    Ronald Reagan decides to tear down the new U.S. Embassy in Moscow because of Soviet listening devices in the building structure.

1990    Xavier Cugat (died), Spanish-American violinist, bandleader, and actor (born 1900)

1991     Turkmenistan achieves independence from the Soviet Union.

1992    David Bohm (died), American-English physicist (born 1917)

1992    United States Navy radioman Allen R. Schindler, Jr. is brutally murdered by shipmate Terry M. Helvey for being gay, precipitating first military, then national, debate about gays in the military that resulted in the United States “Don’t ask, don’t tell” military policy.

1994    Gliese 229B is the first Substellar Mass Object to be unquestionably identified.

1995    Former Prime Minister of Italy Bettino Craxi is convicted in absentia of corruption.

1995    Latvia applies for membership in the European Union.

1997 –Stock markets around the world crash because of fears of a global economic meltdown. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummets 554.26 points to 7,161.15.

1999    Charlotte Perriand (died), French architect and designer (born 1903)

1999    Gunmen open fire in the Armenian Parliament, killing Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan, Parliament Chairman Karen Demirchyan, and 6 other members.

1999    Robert Mills (died), American physicist (born 1927)

2002    Tom Dowd (died), American record producer (born 1925)

2005    Riots begin in Paris after the deaths of two Muslim teenagers.

2011     Michael D. Higgins was chosen in the Irish presidential election as the ninth President of Ireland by the biggest vote in Irish history.

2013    Leonard Herzenberg (died), American immunologist, geneticist, and academic (born 1931)

2013    Lou Reed (died) American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (The Velvet Underground and Metal Machine Trio) (born 1942)

2013    Roger McGee (died), American actor (born 1926)

Follow me

EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
Follow me

Latest posts by EO Smith (see all)