9          Arminius’ alliance of six Germanic tribes ambushes and annihilates three Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. 214      Aurelian (born), Roman emperor (died 275) 337      Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans I succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti…. Continue reading →

70        Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 701      Pope Sergius I (died) (born 650) 1100    Antipope Clement III (died) (born 1029) 1134    Alfonso the Battler (died), Spanish king (born 1073) 1157     Richard I of England (born) (died 1199) 1504    Michelangelo’s David is unveiled in Florence. 1588   Marin Mersenne (born), French mathematician, theologian, and philosopher (died… Continue reading →

70        A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. 1228   Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II landed in Acre, Palestine and started the Sixth Crusade, which resulted in a peaceful restitution of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1524    Thomas Erastus (born), Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583) 1533    Elizabeth I of England (born) (d. 1603) 1559   … Continue reading →

394     Eugenius (died), Roman usurper 972      Pope John XIII (died) (born 930) 1492    Christopher Columbus sails from La Gomera in the Canary Islands, his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. 1522    The Victoria, the only surviving ship of Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition, returns to Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain,… Continue reading →

1187    Louis VIII of France (born) (died 1226) 1548    Catherine Parr (born), English wife of Henry VIII of England (born 1512) 1568    Tommaso Campanella (born), Italian theologian, philosopher, and poet (died 1639) 1590    Alexander Farnese’s army forces Henry IV of France to lift the siege of Paris. 1638   Louis XIV of France (born) (died 1715)… Continue reading →