1199 King Richard I of England dies from an infection following the removal of an arrow from his shoulder (born 1157).
1327 The poet Petrarch first sees his idealized love, Laura, in the church of Saint Clare in Avignon.
1520 Raphael, Italian painter and architect (died), (born 1483)
1528 Albrecht Dürer, German painter, engraver, and mathematician (died), (born 1471)
1551 Joachim Vadian, Swiss scholar and politician (died), (born 1484)
1571 John Hamilton, Scottish archbishop (died), (born 1512)
1580 One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.
1605 John Stow, English historian (died), (born 1525)
1652 At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town.
1671 Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (born), French poet (died 1741)
1707 Willem van de Velde the Younger (born), Dutch painter, (born 1633)
1712 The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway.
1741 Nicolas Chamfort (born), French author and playwright (died 1794)
1755 Richard Rawlinson (died), English minister and historian (died), (born 1690)
1766 Wilhelm von Kobell (born), German painter, (died 1853)
1773 James Mill (born), Scottish historian, economist, and philosopher (died 1836)
1776 American Revolutionary War: Ships of the Continental Navy fail in their attempt to capture a Royal Navy dispatch boat.
1808 John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America’s first millionaire.
1810 Philip Henry Gosse (born), English biologist (died 1888)
1814 Nominal beginning of the Bourbon Restoration; anniversary date that Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.
1815 Robert Volkmann (born), German composer (died 1883)
1826 Gustave Moreau (born), French painter (died 1898)
1830 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, the original church of the Latter Day Saint movement, is organized by Joseph Smith, Jr. and others at Fayette or Manchester, New York.
1860 The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints—later renamed Community of Christ—is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois
1862 General Ulysses S. Grant meet Confederate troops led by General Albert Sidney Johnston at the Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee.
1869 Celluloid is patented.
1884 J. G. Parry-Thomas, Welsh engineer, motor racing driver who held the land speed record (died 1927)
1884 Walter Huston (born), Canadian-American actor (died 1950)
1888 Gerhard Ritter (born), German historian (died 1967)
1888 Hans Richter (born), Swiss painter, illustrator, and director (died 1976)
1888 Thomas Green Clemson dies, bequeathing his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College.
1890 Anthony Fokker, Dutch engineer and businessman, founded Fokker Aircraft Manufacturer (died 1939)
1892 Donald Wills Douglas, Sr., American businessman, founded the Douglas Aircraft Company (died 1981)
1892 Lowell Thomas (born), American journalist (died 1981)
1893 Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is dedicated by Wilford Woodruff.
1895 Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.
1896 In Athens, the opening of the first modern Olympic Games is celebrated, 1,500 years after the original games are banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I.
1899 Alvan Wentworth Chapman (died), American physician and botanist (born 1809)
1909 Hermann Lang (born), German race car driver (died 1987)
1909 Robert Peary and Matthew Henson reach the North Pole.
1917 World War I: The United States declares war on Germany
1920 Jack Cover (born), American pilot and scientist, invented the Taser gun (died 2009)
1924 First round-the-world flight commences.
1926 Varney Airlines makes its first commercial flight (Varney is the root company of United Airlines).
1927 Gerry Mulligan (born), American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (died 1996)
1928 James Watson (born), American biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate
1929 André Previn (born), German-American pianist, composer, and conductor
1929 Huey P. Long Governor of Louisiana is impeached by the Louisiana House of Representatives.
1930 Gandhi raises a lump of mud and salt and declares, “With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire,” beginning the Salt Satyagraha.
1936 Jean-Pierre Changeux (born), French biologist
1937 Billy Dee Williams (born), American actor and singer
1937 Merle Haggard (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Strangers and The Buckaroos)
1941 Don Prudhomme (born), American race car driver
1944 Felicity Palmer (born), English soprano
1945 World War II: Sarajevo is liberated from German and Croatian forces by the Yugoslav Partisans.
1945 World War II: the Battle of Slater’s Knoll on Bougainville comes to an end.
1947 John Ratzenberger (born), American actor
1947 Mike Worboys (born), English mathematician and computer scientist
1947 The first Tony Awards are presented for theatrical achievement.
1955 Blind Mississippi Morris (born), American singer and harmonica player
1956 Michele Bachmann (born), American politician
1957 Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis buys the Hellenic National Airlines (TAE) and founds Olympic Airlines.
1960 Warren Haynes (born), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Allman Brothers Band, Gov’t Mule, and The Dead)
1962 Leonard Bernstein causes controversy during a New York Philharmonic with his remarks from the podium about the soloist’s interpretation, Glenn Gould, of Brahms’ First Piano Concerto.
1965 Launch of Early Bird, the first communications satellite to be placed in geosynchronous orbit.
1968 Pierre Elliot Trudeau wins the Liberal Leadership Election, and becomes Prime Minister of Canada soon after.
1969 Spencer Wells (born), American geneticist and anthropologist
1970 Olaf Kölzig (born), South African-German ice hockey player and coach
1970 Sam Sheppard (died), American physician, (born 1923)
1971 Igor Stravinsky (died), Russian-American pianist, composer, and conductor, (born 1882)
1972 Vietnam War: Easter Offensive – American forces begin sustained air strikes and naval bombardments.
1973 Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.
1992 Isaac Asimo (died), Russian-American author and educator, (born 1920)
1994 The Rwandan Genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down.
1996 Greer Garson (died), English-American actress, (born 1904)
1998 Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of reaching India.
1998 Tammy Wynette (died), American singer-songwriter, (born 1942)
1998 Travelers Group announces an agreement to undertake the $76 billion merger between Travelers and Citicorp, and the merger is completed on October 8, of that year, forming Citibank.
2004 Rolandas Paksas becomes the first president of Lithuania to be peacefully removed from office by impeachment.
2005 Rainier III (died), Prince of Monaco, (born 1923)
2008 2008 Egyptian general strike starts led by Egyptian workers later to be adopted by April 6 Youth Movement and Egyptian activities .
2011 In San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico, over 193 bodies were exhumed from several mass graves murdered by Los Zetas drug cartel.
EO Smith
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