3 October

42 BC   First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight a decisive battle with Caesar’s assassins Brutus and Cassius.

52 BC    Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius Caesar, ending the siege and Battle of Alesia.

1226      Francis of Assisi (died), Italian friar and saint (born 1181)

1283      Dafydd ap Gruffydd (born 1238), prince of Gwynedd in Wales, is the first nobleman to be executed by hanging, drawing and quartering.

1631      Sebastian Anton Scherer (born), German organist and composer (died 1712)

1656      Myles Standish (died), English-American captain (born 1584)

1712       The Duke of Montrose issues a warrant for the arrest of Rob Roy MacGregor.

1716      Giovanni Battista Beccaria (born), Italian physicist (died 1781)

1778      Captain James Cook anchors in Alaska.

1789      George Washington makes the first Thanksgiving Day designated by the national government of the United States of America.

1790      John Ross (born), American tribal chief (died 1866)

1838      Black Hawk (died), American tribal leader (born 1767)

1846     James Jackson Putnam (born), American neurologist (died 1918)

1848     Henry Lerolle (born), French painter (d. 1929)

1849     American author Edgar Allan Poe is found delirious in a gutter in Baltimore, Maryland under mysterious circumstances; it is the last time he is seen in public before his death.

1860     Rembrandt Peale (died), American painter (born 1778)

1863      The last Thursday in November is declared as Thanksgiving Day by President Abraham Lincoln as are Thursdays, November 30, 1865 and November 29, 1866.

1867      Elias Howe (died), American engineer, invented the sewing machine (born 1819)

1872      The Bloomingdale brothers opened their first store at 938 Third Avenue, New York City.

1873      Captain Jack and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War.

1873      Kintpuash (died), American tribal leader (born 1837)

1885      Sophie Treadwell (born), American playwright and journalist (died 1970)

1891      Édouard Lucas (died), French mathematician (born 1842)

1896     Gerardo Diego (born), Spanish poet (died 1987)

1896     William Morris (died), English author and poet (born 1834)

1897      Louis Aragon (born), French author and poet (died 1982)

1898     Adolf Reichwein (born), German educator, economist, cultural policymaker, and resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. (died 1944)

1900     Thomas Wolfe (born), American author (died 1938)

1916      James Herriot (born), English veterinarian and author (died 1995)

1919      Cincinnati Reds pitcher Adolfo Luque becomes the first Latin player to appear in a World Series.

1919      James M. Buchanan (born), American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)

1925      Gore Vidal (born), American author, screenwriter, and actor (died 2012)

1928      Edward L. Moyers (born), American railroad executive (died 2006)

1928      Erik Bruhn (born), Danish dancer and choreographer (died 1986)

1932      Iraq gains independence from the United Kingdom.

1936      Steve Reich (born), American composer

1938      Eddie Cochran (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (died 1960)

1941      Chubby Checker (born), American singer-songwriter

1942      Spaceflight: The first successful launch of a V-2 /A4-rocket from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany. It is the first man-made object to reach space.

1944     Pierre Deligne (born), Belgian mathematician

1944     Roy Horn (born), German-American magician and actor

1945      Jo Ritzen (born), Dutch economist and politician

1949     Lindsey Buckingham (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Fleetwood Mac)

1949     WERD, the 1st black-owned radio station in the United States, opens in Atlanta, Georgia.

1950      Korean War: The First Battle of Maryang San, primarily pitting Australian and British forces against communist China, begins.

1952      The United Kingdom successfully tests a nuclear weapon to become the world’s third nuclear power.

1954      Al Sharpton (born), American minister, talk show host, and activist

1954      Stevie Ray Vaughan (born), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Double Trouble) (died 1990)

1955      Allen Woody (born), American bass player and songwriter (The Allman Brothers Band and Gov’t Mule) (died 2000)

1955      The Mickey Mouse Club debuts on ABC.

1957      Allen Ginsberg’s Howl and Other Poems is ruled to be not obscene by the California State Superior Court.

1961      Rebecca Stephens (born), English journalist and mountaineer

1961      The Dick Van Dyke Show premieres on CBS-TV in the United States.

1962      Project Mercury: Sigma 7 is launched from Cape Canaveral, with Astronaut Wally Schirra aboard, for a six-orbit, nine-hour flight.

1962      Tommy Lee (born), Greek-American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer (Mötley Crüe, Methods of Mayhem, and Rock Star Supernova)

1964     Clive Owen (born), English actor and producer

1964     First Buffalo Wings are made at the Anchor Bar in Buffalo, New York.

1965      Zachary Scott (died), American actor (born 1914)

1967      Woody Guthrie (died), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Almanac Singers) (born 1912)

1969     Gwen Stefani (born), American singer-songwriter, actress, and fashion designer (No Doubt)

1969     Skip James (died), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1902)

1971      Kevin Richardson (born), American singer-songwriter and actor (Backstreet Boys)

1979      Hannelore Schmatz (died), German mountaineer (born 1940)

1979      Josh Klinghoffer (born), American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (Red Hot Chili Peppers, Dot Hacker, Ataxia, and The Bicycle Thief)

1979      Nicos Poulantzas (died), Greek-French sociologist and philosopher (born 1936)

1979      Ray Genet (died), American mountaineer (born 1931)

1985      The Space Shuttle Atlantis makes its maiden flight. (Mission STS-51-J).

1986     TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron at the Chalk River Laboratories, is officially opened.

1990     German reunification. The German Democratic Republic ceases to exist and its territory becomes part of the Federal Republic of Germany. East German citizens became part of the European Community, which later became the European Union. Now celebrated as German Unity Day.

1993      Battle of Mogadishu: In a failed attempt to capture officials of warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid’s organization in Mogadishu, Somalia, 18 U.S. soldiers and about 1,000 Somalis are killed in heavy fighting.

1995      O. J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman.

1998     Roddy McDowall (died), English-American actor, singer, and producer (born 1928)

2000     Benjamin Orr (died), American singer-songwriter and bass player (The Cars) (born 1947)

2004     Janet Leigh (died), American actress, singer, and author (born 1927)

2008     The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 for the U.S. financial system is signed by President George W. Bush.

2012      Kathi McDonald (died), American singer (Big Brother and the Holding Company) (born 1948)

2012      Robert F. Christy (died), American physicist and astrophysicist (born 1916)

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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