18 August

849     Walafrid Strabo (died), German monk and theologian (born 808)

1276    Pope Adrian V (died) (born 1220)

1318    Clare of Montefalco (died), Italian nun and saint (born 1268)

1503    Pope Alexander VI (died) (born 1431)

1559    Pope Paul IV (died) (born 1476)

1572    Marriage in Paris, France of the Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre to Margaret of Valois, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.

1587    Virginia Dare, granddaughter of Governor John White of the Colony of Roanoke, becomes the first English child born in the Americas.

1590    John White, the governor of the Roanoke Colony, returns from a supply trip to England and finds his settlement deserted.

1596    Jean Bolland (born), Flemish priest and hagiographer (died 1665)

1606   Maria Anna of Spain (born) (died 1646)

1612    The trials of the Pendle witches, one of England’s most famous witch trials, begins at Lancaster Assizes.

1634    Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France.

1685    Brook Taylor (born), English mathematician (died 1731)

1774    Meriwether Lewis (born), American soldier, explorer, and politician, co-leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (died 1809)

1783    A huge fireball meteor is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast.

1809   Matthew Boulton (died), English businessman and engineer, co-founded Boulton and Watt (born 1728)

1834   Marshall Field (born), American businessman, founded Marshall Field’s (died 1906)

1838   The Wilkes Expedition, which would explore the Puget Sound and Antarctica, weighs anchor at Hampton Roads in 1838

1850   Honoré de Balzac (died), French author and playwright (born 1799)

1864   American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern – Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.

1868   French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium.

1877    Asaph Hall discovers Martian moon Phobos.

1886   Eli Whitney Blake (died), American inventor, invented the Mortise lock (born 1795)

1900   Glenn Albert Black (born), American archaeologist (died 1964)

1902   Margaret Murie (born), American environmentalist and author (died 2003)

1903   German engineer Karl Jatho allegedly flies his self-made, motored gliding airplane four months before the first flight of the Wright brothers.

1904   Max Factor, Jr. (born), American businessman (died 1996)

1917    Caspar Weinberger (born), American captain, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of Defense (died 2006)

1919    Joseph E. Seagram (died), Canadian businessman and politician, founded the Seagram Company (born 1841)

1920   Shelley Winters (born), American actress and singer (died 2006)

1920   The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing women’s suffrage.

1927    Rosalynn Carter (born), American wife of Jimmy Carter, 41st First Lady of the United States

1928   Marge Schott (born), American businesswoman (died 2004)

1933    Roman Polanski (born), French-Polish director, producer, screenwriter, and actor

1935    Rafer Johnson (born), American decathlete and actor

1936    Robert Redford (born), American actor, director, and producer

1938   The Thousand Islands Bridge, connecting New York, United States with Ontario, Canada over the Saint Lawrence River, is dedicated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

1940   Walter Chrysler (died), American businessman, founded Chrysler (born 1875)

1943    Carl Wayne (born), English singer and actor (The Move, The Hollies, and The Vikings) (died 2004)

1949    Paul Mares (died), American trumpet player and bandleader (New Orleans Rhythm Kings) (born 1900)

1950    Dennis Elliott (born), English drummer and sculptor (Foreigner and If)

1952    Elayne Boosler (born), American actress, director, and screenwriter

1952    Patrick Swayze (born), American actor and singer (died 2009)

1953    Louie Gohmert (born), American captain, lawyer, and politician

1954    Umberto Guidoni (born), Italian astrophysicist, astronaut, and politician

1957    Denis Leary (born), American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter

1957    Ron Strykert (born), Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Men at Work)

1958    Brojen Das from Bangladesh swims across the English Channel in a competition, as the first Bangali as well as the first Asian to ever do it. He became first among 39 competitors.

1958    Madeleine Stowe (born), American actress

1958    Vladimir Nabokov’s controversial novel Lolita is published in the United States.

1961    Timothy Geithner (born), American banker and politician, 75th United States Secretary of the Treasury

1963    American civil rights movement: James Meredith becomes the first black person to graduate from the University of Mississippi.

1965    Vietnam War: Operation Starlite begins – United States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in the first major American ground battle of the war.

1966    Vietnam War: the Battle of Long Tan ensues after a patrol from the 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment clashes with a Viet Cong force in Phước Tuy Province.

1969    Christian Slater (born), American actor and producer

1971    Vietnam War: Australia and New Zealand decide to withdraw their troops from Vietnam.

1976    In the Korean Demilitarized Zone at Panmunjom, the Axe murder incident results in the death of two US soldiers.

1978    Andy Samberg (born), American actor, screenwriter, and rapper (The Lonely Island)

1983   Hurricane Alicia hits the Texas coast, killing 22 people and causing over US$1 billion in damage (1983 dollars).

1990   B. F. Skinner (died), American psychologist, invented the Skinner box (born 1904)

2003   Tony Jackson (died), English singer and bass player (The Searchers) (born 1938)

2005   A massive power blackout hits the Indonesian island of Java, affecting almost 100 million people, the one of the largest and most widespread power outages in history.

2008  President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf resigns due to the threat of impeachment.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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