18 May

332     Constantine the Great announced free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.

526     Pope John I (died) (born 470)

1048   Omar Khayyám (born), Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet (died 1131)

1152    Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.

1302   Bruges Matins, the nocturnal massacre of the French garrison in Bruges by members of the local Flemish militia.

1499   Alonso de Ojeda sets sail from Cadiz on his voyage to what is now Venezuela.

1593   Playwright Thomas Kyd’s accusations of heresy lead to an arrest warrant for Christopher Marlowe.

1631    In Dorchester, Massachusetts, John Winthrop takes the oath of office and becomes the first Governor of Massachusetts.

1652   Rhode Island passes the first law in English-speaking North America making slavery illegal.

1675    Jacques Marquette (died), French-American missionary and explorer (born 1637)

1675    Stanisław Lubieniecki (died), Polish astronomer, theologian, and historian (born 1623)

1692   Elias Ashmole (died), English astrologer and politician (born 1617)

1756    The Seven Years’ War begins when Great Britain declares war on France.

1763   Fire destroys a large part of Montreal, Quebec.

1777    John George Children (born), English chemist, mineralogist, and zoologist (died 1852)

1803   Napoleonic Wars: The United Kingdom revokes the Treaty of Amiens and declares war on France.

1804   Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed Emperor of the French by the French Senate.

1808  Elijah Craig (died), American minister, inventor, and educator, invented Bourbon whiskey (born 1738)

1850   Oliver Heaviside (born), English engineer, mathematician, and physicist (died 1925)

1860   Abraham Lincoln wins the Republican Party presidential nomination over William H. Seward, who later becomes the United States Secretary of State.

1863   American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins.

1868   Nicholas II of Russia (born) (died 1918)

1872   Bertrand Russell (born), 3rd Earl Russell, English mathematician, historian, and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1970)

1883   Walter Gropius (born), German-American architect, designed the John F. Kennedy Federal Building (died 1969)

1892   Ezio Pinza (born), Italian-American opera singer (died 1957)

1896   Khodynka Tragedy: A mass panic on Khodynka Field in Moscow during the festivities of the coronation of Russian Tsar Nicholas II results in the deaths of 1,389 people.

1896   The United States Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. Ferguson that the “separate but equal” doctrine is constitutional.

1897   Frank Capra (born), Italian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1991)

1900   Félix Ravaisson-Mollien (died), French archaeologist and philosopher (born 1813)

1904   Jacob K. Javits (born), American politician, 58th New York State Attorney General (died 1986)

1910   The Earth passes through the tail of Comet Halley.

1911    Gustav Mahler (died), Austrian composer (born 1860)

1912    Perry Como (born), American singer and actor (died 2001)

1912    The first Indian film, Shree Pundalik by Dadasaheb Torne is released in Mumbai.

1917    World War I: The Selective Service Act of 1917 is passed, giving the President of the United States the power of conscription.

1920   Pope John Paul II (born) (died 2005)

1922   Kai Winding (born), Danish-American trombonist and composer (died 1983)

1928   Pernell Roberts (born), American actor and singer (died 2010)

1933   Don Whillans (born), English mountaineer (died 1985)

1933   New Deal: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs an act creating the Tennessee Valley Authority.

1934   Dwayne Hickman (born), American actor and director

1936   Rita Cadillac (born), French dancer, singer, and actress (died 1995)

1944   Albert Hammond (born), English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The Family Dogg)

1948   Tom Udall (born), American lawyer and politician, 28th New Mexico Attorney General

1949   Bill Wallace (born), Canadian bass player (The Guess Who and Brother)

1949   Rick Wakeman (born), English keyboard player and songwriter (Yes, Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe, and Warhorse)

1952   George Strait (born), American singer, guitarist, producer, and actor

1953   Jackie Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier.

1955    Operation Passage to Freedom, the evacuation of 310,000 Vietnamese civilians, soldiers and non-Vietnamese members of the French Army from communist North Vietnam to South Vietnam following the end of the First Indochina War, ends.

1956   First ascent of Lhotse 8,516 meters, by a Swiss team.

1958   An F-104 Starfighter sets a world speed record of 1,404.19 mph (2,259.82 km/h).

1960   Yannick Noah (born), French tennis player and singer

1965   Israeli spy Eli Cohen was hanged in Damascus, Syria.

1967   Heinz-Harald Frentzen (born), German race car driver

1969   Apollo program: Apollo 10 is launched.

1970   Tina Fey (born), American actress, screenwriter, and producer

1974   Nuclear test: under project Smiling Buddha, India successfully detonates its first nuclear weapon becoming the sixth nation to do so.

1975    Leroy Anderson (died), American composer (born 1908)

1980   Mount St. Helens erupts in Washington, United States, killing 57 people and causing $3 billion in damage.

1980   Victims of Mount St. Helens eruption:

David A. Johnston (died), American volcanologist (born 1949)

Harry Randall Truma (died), American owner and caretaker of Mount St. Helens Lodge (born 1896)

Reid Blackburn (died), American photographer and journalist (born 1952)

1983   In Ireland, the government launches a crackdown, with the leading Dublin pirate Radio Nova being put off the air.

1990   In France, a modified TGV train achieves a new rail world speed record of 515.3 km/h (320.2 mph).

1990   Jill Ireland (died), English-American actress (born 1936)

1991    Northern Somalia declares independence from the rest of Somalia as the Republic of Somaliland but is not recognized by the international community.

1995   Alexander Godunov (died), Russian-American ballet dancer and actor (born 1949)

1995   Shawn Nelson, 35, steals a tank from a National Guard Armory in San Diego, destroying cars and other property and is shot to death by police after immobilizing the tank.

2005  A second photo from the Hubble Space Telescope confirms that Pluto has two additional moons: Nix and Hydra.

2012   Alan Oakley (died), English bicycle designer (born 1927)

2012   Facebook, Inc. began selling stock to the public and trading on the NASDAQ.

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EO Smith

Interests include biological anthropology, evolution, social behavior, and human behavior. Conducted field research in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya and on Angaur, Palau, Micronesia, as well as research with captive nonhuman primates at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center and the Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya.
EO Smith
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